Guides d'étude, Notes de cours & Résumés

UNIT I: The Cell Chapter 01: Cellular Biology 4 Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents 18 Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases 31 UNIT II: Gene and Gene Environment interaction Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases 44 Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases 55 Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease 63 UNIT III: Mechanisms of Self-defence Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healin...

Complications of Chronic Renal Failure - Diminished renal reserve Renal insufficiency Renal failure End-stage Renal disease Kidneys role in blood pressure - Kidneys release renin which turns into angiotensin II which causes vasoconstriction What does BUN do - controls urea (we don't want high levels of urea) What are normal levels of BUN - 8-20 What is the relationship between GFR and Cr? - GFR needs to be high to get rid of Cr Cr levels - 0.6-1.2 GFR levels - 115-125 Pylonephritis ...

White blood cells are divided into 2 groups - Granulocytes Agranulocytes Multiple myeloma manifestations - hypercalcemia bone pain Definitive Dx of multiple myeloma - bence jones protein Mononucleosis is caused by - Epstein-Barr virus Manifestations of mononucleosis - Lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymphnodes behind the neck) Role of neutrophils - pathogen fighting role of eosinophils - allergy response role of basophils - histamine Clotting cascade steps - 1. vessel spasm 2. fo...

Autosomal dominant disorders - involve a single mutant allele that is transmitted from an affected parent to an offspring Neurofibromatosis - autosomal dominant; neurogenic tumors that arise form schwann cells and elements of the peripheral nervous system Examples of chromosomal disorders that occur from an alteration in chromosome number. - Down Turner Klinefelter Turner Syndrome - A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO in...

Mitochondria - u☼ Cell energy producer → converts nutrients into ATP → ☼ cellular respiration contain own DNA and ribosomes u☼ Free radicals can damage mitochondrial DNA Intracellular fluid (ICF) - -fluid found inside cells --accounts for 2/3 of body water Extracellular fluid (ECF) - - fluid outside of cells •֍ Intravascular spaces (blood vessels) •֍ Interstitial → filtrate of blood located between cells or between cells and capillaries •Normally lacks proteins Flui...

WGU D236 Pathophysiology Certification practice test exam Q&A Which types of tissue most often develop tumors? - CORRECT ANSWER-Epithelial and connective tissues Papilloma - CORRECT ANSWER-A wart Lipoma - CORRECT ANSWER-Begins in fatty tissue Myoma - CORRECT ANSWER-Fibroid Chondroma - CORRECT ANSWER-Benign tumor of cartilage cells What are sarcomas? - CORRECT ANSWER-They are tumors that can be found anywhere and begin in connective tissue What are the early signs of lymphoma - CORRE...

WGU Pathophysiology D236 certification study guide exam Q&A Which types of tissue most often develop tumors? - CORRECT ANSWER-Epithelial and connective tissues What are the following benign tumors? - CORRECT ANSWER-Papilloma - A wart Lipoma - begins in the fatty tissue Myoma - Fibroid Chondroma - Tumor of cartilage cells What are sarcomas? - CORRECT ANSWER-They are tumors that can be found anywhere and begin in connective tissue What are the early signs of lymphoma - CORRECT ANSWER-F...

Pathophysiology test Certification WGU D236 final exam with 100% correct answers A high school senior sustained a concussion during a football game. Which of the following signs and symptoms would indicate the presence of postconcussion syndrome in the days and weeks following his injury? Select one: a. Unilateral weakness and decreased coordination b. Recurrent nosebleeds and hypersomnia c. Neck pain and decreased neck range of motion d. Headaches and memory lapses - CORRECT ANSWE...

Pathophysiology Final Exam Practice Questions and answers (WGU D236) A client receives a phone call from her gynecologist's office nurse and is informed that her Pap test results identified mild dysplasia. The best explanation for the nurse to provide would be: a. "Minor degrees of dysplasia are associated with chronic irritation or inflammation. However, we will need to do additional diagnostic studies to confirm the diagnosis." b. "You definitely have cancer." c. "Do not be c...

WGU D236 Patho Study Guide certification latest questions and answers Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? - CORRECT ANSWER-Oncotic Oncotic - CORRECT ANSWER-a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a primary determinant of oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-albumin _____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume - CORRECT ANSWER-Albumin One question was about the difference...

Certification exam for WGU pathophysiology D236 final test Turner syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER-A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an *X chromosome* is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted. Tay-Sachs Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performa...