TEST BANK CHILD DEVELOPMENT A CULTURAL APPROACH 2ND EDITION BY ARNETT MAYNARD

Section 1 Genetic Influences on Development Test Item File Multiple Choice Questions 1. The human body contains how many chromosomes? a. 23 b. 46 c. 69 d. 92 Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 2. The average human cell has chromosomes. a. 42 b. 46 c. 23 d. 26 Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember % correct 84 a = 1 b = 84 c = 14 d = 1 r = .19 3. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? a. 23 b. 46 c. 69 d. 92 Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember % correct 76 a = 76 b = 24 c = 0 d = 0 r = .33 4. How many chromosomes from each pair of chromosomes are generally inherited from the father? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 5. According to the text, chromosomes are composed of complex molecules known as . a. nucleotides Incorrect. The complex molecules are known as DNA. b. genes c. DNA Correct. DNA is a long strand of cell material that stores and transfers genetic information. d. RNA Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 50 Skill: C Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand 6. Chromosomes are composed of complex molecules known as . a. DNA b. nucleotide pairs c. genetic d. dominant recessives Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 7. Chromosomes are organized into segments called . a. DNA Incorrect. The segments are called genes. b. RNA c. genes Correct. Genes are segments of DNA that contain coded instructions for the growth and function of an organism. d. nucleotides Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Page: 50 Skill: C Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand 8. Genes contain paired sequences of chemicals called . a. genes b. RNA c. DNA d. nucleotides Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 9. Genes contain . a. protein segments b. nucleotides c. fatty cells d. chromosomes Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 10. Approximately how many genes comprise the human genome? a. 10,000 b. 23,000 c. 50,000 d. 100,000 Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 11. How many nucleotide pairs comprise the human genome? a. 100,000 b. 150 million c. 3 billion d. 5 trillion Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 12. The totality of an individual’s genes is referred to as his or her . a. phenotype b. genotype c. inheritance d. environment Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 13. An individual’s complete genetic makeup is his or her . a. genotype b. phenotype c. allele d. reaction range Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 14. A person’s is/are their genetic makeup, whereas a person’s is/are their characteristics. a. phenotype; genotype b. genotype; phenotype c. nucleotides; DNA d. DNA; nucleotides Answer: B Difficulty: 3 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember % correct 88 a = 12 b = 88 c = 0 d = 0 r = .43 15. The characteristics of an individual’s genetic material are referred to as his or her . a. phenotype b. genotype c. inheritance d. environment Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 16. A person’s characteristics are known as his or her . a. phenotype b. genotype c. chromosomes d. DNA Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 17. The difference between an individual’s genotype and its expression in his or her phenotype is a consequence of the person’s . a. genes b. DNA c. environment d. parents Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 50 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 18. Fred was born into a family with high musical talent. Both of his parents were professional musicians who encouraged and fostered his musical development. Throughout childhood, he practiced the guitar whenever he could and eventually became a professional musician himself. Which of the following best describes Fred’s genotype? a. Fred’s musical genes Correct. One’s genotype is his or her complete genetic makeup. b. Fred’s musical talent Incorrect. Musical talent is the characteristic, or the phenotype. c. Fred’s nurturing parents d. Fred’s musical genes and musical talent Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 50 Skill: A Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply 19. Jill’s mother was an All-American in the 1500 m and qualified for the Olympic team in the marathon. Jill is a freshman in high school and does not think that she will need to train to become a member of the school’s cross country team. Jill keeps telling you that her mother was a great runner, so she will also be a great runner. What do you think? a. She is correct; she will be a great runner no matter what she does. Incorrect. Jill will need to train to become a great runner; that is, she will need to interact with the environment to express those genes. b. It is unlikely that Jill even has the genotype for running. c. Jill might have the genotype for running ability, but she will need to train become a great runner. Correct. The athletic ability that may be present in Jill’s genotype will not express itself if she does nothing to encourage it, such as training. d. Jill has also inherited the genes for superior intelligence. Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 50 Skill: A Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply 20. Alejandro was born into a family with high musical talent. Both of his parents were professional musicians who encouraged and fostered his musical development. Throughout childhood, he practiced the guitar whenever he could and eventually became a professional musician himself. Which of the following best describes Alejandro’s phenotype? a. Alejandro’s musical genes Incorrect. Alejandro’s musical genes are his genotype. b. Alejandro’s musical talent c. Alejandro’s nurturing parents Correct. Alejandro’s genotype includes exceptional musical ability, but it’s his parents’ support of this ability that encouraged those genes to be expressed. d. Alejandro’s practice of the guitar Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 50 Skill: A Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply 21. Thomas’s biological mother and father are both gifted athletes. He was adopted by a couple who had no interest in him being involved in sports. Although Thomas likely inherited athletic ability, it was never expressed in his . a. genotype b. phenotype Correct. Thomas likely inherited his biological parents’ genotype, but his adoptive parents’ disinterest in sports likely inhibited the development of athletic ability in Thomas’s phenotype. c. genes Incorrect. His genetic potential was not expressed in his phenotype. d. alleles Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page: 50 Skill: A Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply % correct 89 a = 7 b = 89 c = 3 d = 2 r = .18 22. On every pair of chromosomes there are how many forms of each gene? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Page: 51 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 23. Each form of a gene that is contained within a chromosome is referred to as a . a. dominant gene b. recessive gene c. allele d. single gene Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Page: 51 Skill: F Learning Objective: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember 24. What type of gene, if it is present, will be expressed in the phenotype? a. recessive gene b. dominant gene Correct. Recessive genes will only be expressed when there is no dominant gene present. c. expressed gene d. controller gene Incorrect. If a dominant gene is present, it will be expressed in the phenotype. Answer: B Difficulty: 1