NAVLE 2026 MAIN ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET
A+
✔✔Strep equi ssp equi - ✔✔strangles (1-5 years old) isolate because it is highly
contagious lance abscess ventrally and allow it to resolve
DONT GIVE ANTIBIOTICS
Prevent by giving strangle vaccine intranasal (im vaccine causes soft tissue reactions )
complications-purpura hemorrhagic from the vaccine type 3 hypersensitivity-causes
vasculitis, urticaria edema and skin sloughing in extremities, petechiae and echymosos
on MM, stiff gates,
Anemia, TP up, fibrinogen up, globulins up and neutrophils up<--- all those elevated
✔✔guttural pouch empyema - ✔✔purulent material in guttural pouch-purulent nasal
discharge, DISYPHAGIA, lueukocytosis, swollen/tender throat latch area, food reflux
from nose
Endocscopy
Rads: fluid lines in guttural pouches may need daily catherderiztion and lavage of
pouches(saline) or may need surgical removal of pus rocks
CN 7,9,10,11,12 sympathetic trunk, internal carotid, cross MEDIAL pouch,
External Carotid-cross LATERAL pouch
✔✔most common cause of infertility in US is strep equi app zooepdemicus - ✔✔most
common causes of endometritis and also most common cause of equine
pleuropneumonia (shipping fever)
PENICILLIN
✔✔Taylorella equingenitalis - ✔✔contagious equine metritis rare in US-mucupuluent
vaginal discharge causing infeterility
✔✔RHODOCCCUS equi - ✔✔foal pneumonia in 2-6 month weanlings
but the most common foal pneumonia Is strep
cough fever wheezes abdominal tucking on inspiration weight loss tachypnea rarely
diarrhea
dx-transtracheal wash-G+ pleomorphic rods-CHINESE LETTERS
CAUDODORSAL ABCESS IN LUNGS -RADS
, TX-ERTYHOMYCIN.AXITHROMYCIN.CLARITHROMYCIN+ RIMPAFIN FOR 2
MONTHS
✔✔Lawsonia intracellularis - ✔✔VERY COMMON in pigs and also WEANLING horses
thick small intestines-hyporpotenemia -ventral edema
lethargy intermittent diarrhea-weight loss
✔✔Corynebacterium psueteburculosis - ✔✔pigeon fever -diagnosed by
hemaaggultinatrion inhibition test
antibiotics prolong the disease
✔✔Salmonella typhimurium - ✔✔cecum and proximal colon -
diagnose with serial cultures of fever for 3-5 days or fecal PCR
✔✔potamic horse fever (neorickettsia risticci) - ✔✔monocytes -transmission is
tremadoes -freshwater snails
need paired serum titers
treat with tetracycline
oxtetracyline drug of choice
✔✔Granulocytic erlichiosis(erlichia Equi) - ✔✔neutrophils diagnosed through blood
smear
✔✔engorged penis - ✔✔paramphimosis = ER
✔✔RUPTURED BLADDER - ✔✔Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia
✔✔Scirrhous cord - ✔✔chronic fibrous enlargement of the cut end of the spermatic cord
in a castrated animal caused by bacterial infection
✔✔structure u can palpate rectally - ✔✔base of cecum
✔✔Ascariasis(roundworm)-toxocara - ✔✔toxocara canis -transplacental(dogs)
toxocara cati and t.leonina=TRANSMAMMARY
Milkborne is most major cause in kittens
potbelly
dullcoat
also VLM VISCERAL AND OCULAR LARVAL MIGRANS
✔✔Anyclostoma-Hookworms - ✔✔Cutaneous larval migraines
✔✔neuro stuff - ✔✔C1-C5-ALL 4 LIMBS UMN
C6-T2-LMN, UMN
T3-L3-UMN, NORMAL
L4-S4-LMN, NORMAL =(ANUS/BLADDER) DRIBBLING URINE, DROPPING FECES
A+
✔✔Strep equi ssp equi - ✔✔strangles (1-5 years old) isolate because it is highly
contagious lance abscess ventrally and allow it to resolve
DONT GIVE ANTIBIOTICS
Prevent by giving strangle vaccine intranasal (im vaccine causes soft tissue reactions )
complications-purpura hemorrhagic from the vaccine type 3 hypersensitivity-causes
vasculitis, urticaria edema and skin sloughing in extremities, petechiae and echymosos
on MM, stiff gates,
Anemia, TP up, fibrinogen up, globulins up and neutrophils up<--- all those elevated
✔✔guttural pouch empyema - ✔✔purulent material in guttural pouch-purulent nasal
discharge, DISYPHAGIA, lueukocytosis, swollen/tender throat latch area, food reflux
from nose
Endocscopy
Rads: fluid lines in guttural pouches may need daily catherderiztion and lavage of
pouches(saline) or may need surgical removal of pus rocks
CN 7,9,10,11,12 sympathetic trunk, internal carotid, cross MEDIAL pouch,
External Carotid-cross LATERAL pouch
✔✔most common cause of infertility in US is strep equi app zooepdemicus - ✔✔most
common causes of endometritis and also most common cause of equine
pleuropneumonia (shipping fever)
PENICILLIN
✔✔Taylorella equingenitalis - ✔✔contagious equine metritis rare in US-mucupuluent
vaginal discharge causing infeterility
✔✔RHODOCCCUS equi - ✔✔foal pneumonia in 2-6 month weanlings
but the most common foal pneumonia Is strep
cough fever wheezes abdominal tucking on inspiration weight loss tachypnea rarely
diarrhea
dx-transtracheal wash-G+ pleomorphic rods-CHINESE LETTERS
CAUDODORSAL ABCESS IN LUNGS -RADS
, TX-ERTYHOMYCIN.AXITHROMYCIN.CLARITHROMYCIN+ RIMPAFIN FOR 2
MONTHS
✔✔Lawsonia intracellularis - ✔✔VERY COMMON in pigs and also WEANLING horses
thick small intestines-hyporpotenemia -ventral edema
lethargy intermittent diarrhea-weight loss
✔✔Corynebacterium psueteburculosis - ✔✔pigeon fever -diagnosed by
hemaaggultinatrion inhibition test
antibiotics prolong the disease
✔✔Salmonella typhimurium - ✔✔cecum and proximal colon -
diagnose with serial cultures of fever for 3-5 days or fecal PCR
✔✔potamic horse fever (neorickettsia risticci) - ✔✔monocytes -transmission is
tremadoes -freshwater snails
need paired serum titers
treat with tetracycline
oxtetracyline drug of choice
✔✔Granulocytic erlichiosis(erlichia Equi) - ✔✔neutrophils diagnosed through blood
smear
✔✔engorged penis - ✔✔paramphimosis = ER
✔✔RUPTURED BLADDER - ✔✔Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia
✔✔Scirrhous cord - ✔✔chronic fibrous enlargement of the cut end of the spermatic cord
in a castrated animal caused by bacterial infection
✔✔structure u can palpate rectally - ✔✔base of cecum
✔✔Ascariasis(roundworm)-toxocara - ✔✔toxocara canis -transplacental(dogs)
toxocara cati and t.leonina=TRANSMAMMARY
Milkborne is most major cause in kittens
potbelly
dullcoat
also VLM VISCERAL AND OCULAR LARVAL MIGRANS
✔✔Anyclostoma-Hookworms - ✔✔Cutaneous larval migraines
✔✔neuro stuff - ✔✔C1-C5-ALL 4 LIMBS UMN
C6-T2-LMN, UMN
T3-L3-UMN, NORMAL
L4-S4-LMN, NORMAL =(ANUS/BLADDER) DRIBBLING URINE, DROPPING FECES
