NSG 3850 PEDIATRICS EXAM 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
1. A 6-week-old infant is brought to the clinic with reports of projectile vomiting after
feedings. The nurse notes a palpable olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant. Which
acid-base imbalance should the nurse anticipate?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Acidosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Alkalosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis causes severe vomiting, leading to
the loss of gastric hydrochloric acid, resulting in metabolic alkalosis.
2. An 8-month-old is admitted for suspected intussusception. Which clinical manifestation is
considered the classic ‘triad’ for this condition?
A. Abdominal pain, sausage-shaped mass, and currant-jelly stools
B. Vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distension
,C. Abdominal pain, ribbon-like stools, and fever
D. Projectile vomiting, constipation, and periorbital edema
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Intussusception is characterized by sudden abdominal pain, a
sausage-shaped mass on palpation, and stools mixed with blood and mucus (currant-jelly).
3. A child with Hirschsprung disease is being prepared for surgery. Which type of stool would
the nurse expect to document in the patient’s history?
A. Loose, watery stools
B. Steatorrhea (fatty stools)
C. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
D. Currant-jelly stools
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In Hirschsprung disease, the lack of ganglion cells causes a
functional obstruction, leading to ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
4. A child is admitted with Nephrotic Syndrome. Which of the following laboratory findings is
most characteristic of this diagnosis?
A. Hypoproteinuria and Hyperalbuminemia
B. Bacteriuria and Glycosuria
C. Hematuria and Hypertension
, D. Massive proteinuria and Hypoalbuminemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Nephrotic syndrome involves increased glomerular
permeability, causing massive loss of protein in the urine and decreased albumin in the
blood.
5. When caring for a 4-year-old with Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN),
which assessment finding requires immediate notification of the provider?
A. Tea-colored urine
B. Blood pressure of 142/96 mmHg
C. Periorbital edema
D. Mild lethargy
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertension is a significant complication of APSGN and can
lead to hypertensive encephalopathy; a BP of 142/96 is dangerously high for a 4-year-old.
6. A nurse is providing discharge education for a child after a Cleft Lip repair. Which position
should the nurse instruct the parents to place the child in for sleep?
A. Prone
B. Knee-chest position
C. Trendelenburg
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
1. A 6-week-old infant is brought to the clinic with reports of projectile vomiting after
feedings. The nurse notes a palpable olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant. Which
acid-base imbalance should the nurse anticipate?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Acidosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Alkalosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis causes severe vomiting, leading to
the loss of gastric hydrochloric acid, resulting in metabolic alkalosis.
2. An 8-month-old is admitted for suspected intussusception. Which clinical manifestation is
considered the classic ‘triad’ for this condition?
A. Abdominal pain, sausage-shaped mass, and currant-jelly stools
B. Vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distension
,C. Abdominal pain, ribbon-like stools, and fever
D. Projectile vomiting, constipation, and periorbital edema
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Intussusception is characterized by sudden abdominal pain, a
sausage-shaped mass on palpation, and stools mixed with blood and mucus (currant-jelly).
3. A child with Hirschsprung disease is being prepared for surgery. Which type of stool would
the nurse expect to document in the patient’s history?
A. Loose, watery stools
B. Steatorrhea (fatty stools)
C. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
D. Currant-jelly stools
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In Hirschsprung disease, the lack of ganglion cells causes a
functional obstruction, leading to ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
4. A child is admitted with Nephrotic Syndrome. Which of the following laboratory findings is
most characteristic of this diagnosis?
A. Hypoproteinuria and Hyperalbuminemia
B. Bacteriuria and Glycosuria
C. Hematuria and Hypertension
, D. Massive proteinuria and Hypoalbuminemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Nephrotic syndrome involves increased glomerular
permeability, causing massive loss of protein in the urine and decreased albumin in the
blood.
5. When caring for a 4-year-old with Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN),
which assessment finding requires immediate notification of the provider?
A. Tea-colored urine
B. Blood pressure of 142/96 mmHg
C. Periorbital edema
D. Mild lethargy
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertension is a significant complication of APSGN and can
lead to hypertensive encephalopathy; a BP of 142/96 is dangerously high for a 4-year-old.
6. A nurse is providing discharge education for a child after a Cleft Lip repair. Which position
should the nurse instruct the parents to place the child in for sleep?
A. Prone
B. Knee-chest position
C. Trendelenburg
