SPCE 611 SAFMEDS VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Escape Extinction - Answers - Behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are
placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of
the aversive stimulus; emitting the target behavior does not enable the person to
escape the aversive situation.
Contingency Reversal - Answers - Involves changing the contingencies or relationships
between behavior and its consequences. It is used to determine if behavior changes in
the expected manner when the contingencies are altered, providing insight into the
function of the behavior.
Evocative Effect - Answers - An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has
been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event whose reinforcing effectiveness
depends on the same motivating operation.
Extinction - Answers - The withdrawal or termination of reinforcement following a
response (e.g. when a vending machine fails to deliver a soda after and individual
makes a selection)
Successive Approximation - Answers - The process of reinforcing steps of desirable
behaviors which are getting closer to the target behavior.
Extinction-Induced Variability - Answers - A phenomenon in which diverse and novel
forms of behavior are sometimes observed during the extinction process.
Reflexive Conditioned Motivating Operation (CMO-R) - Answers - When a stimulus
gains the properties of a MO because it signals a situation is getting better or worse.
Enriched Environment - Answers - An intervention that provides noncontingent access
to preferred sources of reinforcement (e.g. toys, social and recreation activities). This
noncontingent access to preferred reinforcers arranges a competition between the
enriched environment and the stimulation provided by the problem behavior.
Teach Loosely - Answers - A method to program for generalization during instruction
that involves broadening the variety of the non-critical aspects of the SD, like the
environmental variables (people, locations) that have nothing to do with what is being
trained, so that the irrelevant environmental variables don't acquire control over the
correct response.
Backwards Chaining with Leap Aheads - Answers - A teaching method used in where
the last step of a task is taught first, but not every step in the task analysis is trained.
, Behavioral Momentum - Answers - Describes resistance to change following an
alteration to reinforcement conditions, often with high-p sequences.
Behavior Chain Limited Hold - Answers - A behavior chain must be completed within a
predetermined amount of time to access reinforcement.
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI) - Answers - Reinforcement is
delivered for a response that is topographically incompatible with the target behavior.
Abolishing Operation (AO) - Answers - Decreases the value of a reinforcer related to
satiation.
Contingency Space Analysis - Answers - A graphic display of the probability of one
event (e.g. a particular consequence) given the occurrence (or not) of another event
(e.g. the presence or absence of a particular behavior).
Motivating Operation (MO) - Answers - The functional aspect of an antecedent
phenomena that demonstrates a change in the effectiveness of stimuli as reinforcers
and/or alters the current frequency of a behavior.
Function-Altering Effect - Answers - A change in an organism's repertoire of MO
stimulus and response relations, caused by reinforcement, punishment, an extinction
procedure, or a recovery from punishment procedure.
Modeling - Answers - Trainer demonstration of skill that may occur live, via role-play, or
through video.
Independent (group contingency) - Answers - Each group member must individually
meet performance criteria in effect for all members.
Behavior Trap - Answers - A method to program for generalization and maintenance
during instruction that involves bringing a target behavior under the control of natural
reinforcers by exposing the behavior to those reinforcers.
Incidental Teaching - Answers - A naturalistic teaching method that focuses on
embedding learning opportunities within the natural environment and the individual
served guiding the learning session.
Delayed Discounting - Answers - A phenomenon in which delayed rewards, regardless
of their significance and magnitude (e.g. enough money for a secure retirement), exert
decreasing influence over choice-making behavior as a function of their temporal
distance from present circumstances.
Contrived Mediating Stimulus - Answers - Any stimulus made functional for the target
behavior in the instructional setting that later prompts or aids the learner in performing
the target behavior in a generalization setting.
Escape Extinction - Answers - Behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are
placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of
the aversive stimulus; emitting the target behavior does not enable the person to
escape the aversive situation.
Contingency Reversal - Answers - Involves changing the contingencies or relationships
between behavior and its consequences. It is used to determine if behavior changes in
the expected manner when the contingencies are altered, providing insight into the
function of the behavior.
Evocative Effect - Answers - An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has
been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event whose reinforcing effectiveness
depends on the same motivating operation.
Extinction - Answers - The withdrawal or termination of reinforcement following a
response (e.g. when a vending machine fails to deliver a soda after and individual
makes a selection)
Successive Approximation - Answers - The process of reinforcing steps of desirable
behaviors which are getting closer to the target behavior.
Extinction-Induced Variability - Answers - A phenomenon in which diverse and novel
forms of behavior are sometimes observed during the extinction process.
Reflexive Conditioned Motivating Operation (CMO-R) - Answers - When a stimulus
gains the properties of a MO because it signals a situation is getting better or worse.
Enriched Environment - Answers - An intervention that provides noncontingent access
to preferred sources of reinforcement (e.g. toys, social and recreation activities). This
noncontingent access to preferred reinforcers arranges a competition between the
enriched environment and the stimulation provided by the problem behavior.
Teach Loosely - Answers - A method to program for generalization during instruction
that involves broadening the variety of the non-critical aspects of the SD, like the
environmental variables (people, locations) that have nothing to do with what is being
trained, so that the irrelevant environmental variables don't acquire control over the
correct response.
Backwards Chaining with Leap Aheads - Answers - A teaching method used in where
the last step of a task is taught first, but not every step in the task analysis is trained.
, Behavioral Momentum - Answers - Describes resistance to change following an
alteration to reinforcement conditions, often with high-p sequences.
Behavior Chain Limited Hold - Answers - A behavior chain must be completed within a
predetermined amount of time to access reinforcement.
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI) - Answers - Reinforcement is
delivered for a response that is topographically incompatible with the target behavior.
Abolishing Operation (AO) - Answers - Decreases the value of a reinforcer related to
satiation.
Contingency Space Analysis - Answers - A graphic display of the probability of one
event (e.g. a particular consequence) given the occurrence (or not) of another event
(e.g. the presence or absence of a particular behavior).
Motivating Operation (MO) - Answers - The functional aspect of an antecedent
phenomena that demonstrates a change in the effectiveness of stimuli as reinforcers
and/or alters the current frequency of a behavior.
Function-Altering Effect - Answers - A change in an organism's repertoire of MO
stimulus and response relations, caused by reinforcement, punishment, an extinction
procedure, or a recovery from punishment procedure.
Modeling - Answers - Trainer demonstration of skill that may occur live, via role-play, or
through video.
Independent (group contingency) - Answers - Each group member must individually
meet performance criteria in effect for all members.
Behavior Trap - Answers - A method to program for generalization and maintenance
during instruction that involves bringing a target behavior under the control of natural
reinforcers by exposing the behavior to those reinforcers.
Incidental Teaching - Answers - A naturalistic teaching method that focuses on
embedding learning opportunities within the natural environment and the individual
served guiding the learning session.
Delayed Discounting - Answers - A phenomenon in which delayed rewards, regardless
of their significance and magnitude (e.g. enough money for a secure retirement), exert
decreasing influence over choice-making behavior as a function of their temporal
distance from present circumstances.
Contrived Mediating Stimulus - Answers - Any stimulus made functional for the target
behavior in the instructional setting that later prompts or aids the learner in performing
the target behavior in a generalization setting.
