DAT Biology TEST BANK MIDTERM EXAM 2026-2027
NEWEST VERSION WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS|| CURRECT FINAL
EXAM 2026 EDITION|| LATEST UPDATE
polymers
series of repeating monomers
functional groups
specific cluster of atoms that give molecules unique properties.
these are often referred to as R groups.
sulfhydryl
monosaccharides
single sugar molecules.
ex) glucose, fructose, galactose
alpha vs beta carbon is based on the position of H and OH on the
1st (anomeric) carbon (OH down = alpha, OH up = beta)
, disaccharides
two sugar molecules joined together by a glycosidic linkage.
e.g. sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose),
maltose (glucose + glucose)
polysaccharides
a series of connected monosaccharides (an example of a polymer).
bonded together via dehydration synthesis and broken via
hydrolysis.
alpha-glucose polymer carbohydrates
starch
glycogen
,glycosidic linkage
joined by dehydration
starch
functions to store energy in plant cells. consists primarily of amylose
and amylopectin.
glycogen
functions to store energy in animal cells. differs from starch in its
polymer branching.
beta glucose polymer carbohydrates
cellulose
chitin
cellulose
functions as a structural molecule for the walls of plant cells and
wood.
, chitin
functions as a structural molecule in fungal cell walls & arthropod
exoskeletons. structurally similar to cellulose but with nitrogen-
containing groups attached to each B-glucose ring.
Polymers of amino acids joined by
peptide bonds
Amino acid structure
Central α-carbon bonded to H, NH2, COOH and a variable R
group
NEWEST VERSION WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS|| CURRECT FINAL
EXAM 2026 EDITION|| LATEST UPDATE
polymers
series of repeating monomers
functional groups
specific cluster of atoms that give molecules unique properties.
these are often referred to as R groups.
sulfhydryl
monosaccharides
single sugar molecules.
ex) glucose, fructose, galactose
alpha vs beta carbon is based on the position of H and OH on the
1st (anomeric) carbon (OH down = alpha, OH up = beta)
, disaccharides
two sugar molecules joined together by a glycosidic linkage.
e.g. sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose),
maltose (glucose + glucose)
polysaccharides
a series of connected monosaccharides (an example of a polymer).
bonded together via dehydration synthesis and broken via
hydrolysis.
alpha-glucose polymer carbohydrates
starch
glycogen
,glycosidic linkage
joined by dehydration
starch
functions to store energy in plant cells. consists primarily of amylose
and amylopectin.
glycogen
functions to store energy in animal cells. differs from starch in its
polymer branching.
beta glucose polymer carbohydrates
cellulose
chitin
cellulose
functions as a structural molecule for the walls of plant cells and
wood.
, chitin
functions as a structural molecule in fungal cell walls & arthropod
exoskeletons. structurally similar to cellulose but with nitrogen-
containing groups attached to each B-glucose ring.
Polymers of amino acids joined by
peptide bonds
Amino acid structure
Central α-carbon bonded to H, NH2, COOH and a variable R
group
