Bioethics Midterm Exam QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
The only correct motive in Kantian ethics is the _______________ - CORRECT ANSWER
desire to be a good person
According to the principle of totality, the human body may be changed only to _____________ -
CORRECT ANSWER ensure the proper functioning of that body
Identify the areas where claims about slippery slope in bioethics prominently figure. - CORRECT
ANSWER Physician-assisted dying; standards of brain death
T/F In the context of bioethics, a small change in a current medical practice is not bad at all. -
CORRECT ANSWER True
Utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER emphasizes the consequences of an act
Kantian ethics - CORRECT ANSWER emphasizes motives of an act
Virtue ethics - CORRECT ANSWER emphasizes traits of character
Marx's most important insight in bioethics is to always understand how ___________ - CORRECT
ANSWER money influences decisions in medicine
In the ethical reasoning concept of post hoc, ergo propter hoc, the occurrence of _______ -
CORRECT ANSWER an event before another does not mean the first caused the second
Criticism on a libertarian health system: - CORRECT ANSWER 1) elderly patients would
frequently forego procedures for lack of money
2) fewer hospitals would be built
,The concept of tu quoque is not justifiable because ___________ - CORRECT ANSWER
saying someone else also acted wrongly does not justify the first wrong
Consequentialism - CORRECT ANSWER consequences count, not motives or intentions
maximization - CORRECT ANSWER the number of beings affected by a consequence matter
A theory of value - CORRECT ANSWER a definition of what counts as good consequences
A scope-of-morality premise - CORRECT ANSWER Each being's happiness is to count as one
unit of happiness up to a certain boundary
The principle of nonmaleficence in bioethics implies that physicians _____ - CORRECT ANSWER
not technically competent to do something should not do it
There will be competing, universalizable maxims in bioethics because ______________ - CORRECT
ANSWER Most cases in bioethics involve many competing interests of different people
Identify the principles to dissect a medical case involved in a modern method of analysis - CORRECT
ANSWER 1) autonomy
2) beneficence
3) justice
The outrage that people have felt when learning of research done by Nazi physicians is explained by
Immanuel Kant's _____________ - CORRECT ANSWER emphasis on people as ends in
themselves
_________________ gives humans higher worth and dignity than animals according to Immanuel
Kant - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomy
According to Thomistic ethics, to act rationally means to _________ - CORRECT ANSWER
act in accordance with natural law
, Identify the problems faced by physicians while applying utilitarianism in situations of triage and in
public health situations - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Physicians should abandon those who will
live anyway
2) Physicians should abandon those who will die anyway
T/F: A problem with Kantian ethics is that it appears to be out of date with present realities -
CORRECT ANSWER True
According to Kantian ethics, people are free only when they ______ - CORRECT ANSWER
act rationally
In the context of Thomistic ethics, natural law condemns____________ - CORRECT ANSWER
homosexuality
_____________ is the theory that no universal truths exist across cultures but instead, what is right or
wrong must be defined in each society - CORRECT ANSWER Moral relativism
T/F: Question begging mistakes in ethical reasoning are always obvious because synonyms may
disguise the mistake - CORRECT ANSWER False- They are NOT always obvious
Role-based ethics suffer problems when the wider society _________ - CORRECT ANSWER
calls into question whether the role has been properly defined
The doctrine of double effect holds that if an action had two effects, one good and the other evil, the
evil was morally permitted if ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER the good followed as
immediately from the cause as did the evil effect
Truth - CORRECT ANSWER it governs how premises correspond or not to the world
validity - CORRECT ANSWER it concerns the formal relations between premises and
conclusion.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
The only correct motive in Kantian ethics is the _______________ - CORRECT ANSWER
desire to be a good person
According to the principle of totality, the human body may be changed only to _____________ -
CORRECT ANSWER ensure the proper functioning of that body
Identify the areas where claims about slippery slope in bioethics prominently figure. - CORRECT
ANSWER Physician-assisted dying; standards of brain death
T/F In the context of bioethics, a small change in a current medical practice is not bad at all. -
CORRECT ANSWER True
Utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER emphasizes the consequences of an act
Kantian ethics - CORRECT ANSWER emphasizes motives of an act
Virtue ethics - CORRECT ANSWER emphasizes traits of character
Marx's most important insight in bioethics is to always understand how ___________ - CORRECT
ANSWER money influences decisions in medicine
In the ethical reasoning concept of post hoc, ergo propter hoc, the occurrence of _______ -
CORRECT ANSWER an event before another does not mean the first caused the second
Criticism on a libertarian health system: - CORRECT ANSWER 1) elderly patients would
frequently forego procedures for lack of money
2) fewer hospitals would be built
,The concept of tu quoque is not justifiable because ___________ - CORRECT ANSWER
saying someone else also acted wrongly does not justify the first wrong
Consequentialism - CORRECT ANSWER consequences count, not motives or intentions
maximization - CORRECT ANSWER the number of beings affected by a consequence matter
A theory of value - CORRECT ANSWER a definition of what counts as good consequences
A scope-of-morality premise - CORRECT ANSWER Each being's happiness is to count as one
unit of happiness up to a certain boundary
The principle of nonmaleficence in bioethics implies that physicians _____ - CORRECT ANSWER
not technically competent to do something should not do it
There will be competing, universalizable maxims in bioethics because ______________ - CORRECT
ANSWER Most cases in bioethics involve many competing interests of different people
Identify the principles to dissect a medical case involved in a modern method of analysis - CORRECT
ANSWER 1) autonomy
2) beneficence
3) justice
The outrage that people have felt when learning of research done by Nazi physicians is explained by
Immanuel Kant's _____________ - CORRECT ANSWER emphasis on people as ends in
themselves
_________________ gives humans higher worth and dignity than animals according to Immanuel
Kant - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomy
According to Thomistic ethics, to act rationally means to _________ - CORRECT ANSWER
act in accordance with natural law
, Identify the problems faced by physicians while applying utilitarianism in situations of triage and in
public health situations - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Physicians should abandon those who will
live anyway
2) Physicians should abandon those who will die anyway
T/F: A problem with Kantian ethics is that it appears to be out of date with present realities -
CORRECT ANSWER True
According to Kantian ethics, people are free only when they ______ - CORRECT ANSWER
act rationally
In the context of Thomistic ethics, natural law condemns____________ - CORRECT ANSWER
homosexuality
_____________ is the theory that no universal truths exist across cultures but instead, what is right or
wrong must be defined in each society - CORRECT ANSWER Moral relativism
T/F: Question begging mistakes in ethical reasoning are always obvious because synonyms may
disguise the mistake - CORRECT ANSWER False- They are NOT always obvious
Role-based ethics suffer problems when the wider society _________ - CORRECT ANSWER
calls into question whether the role has been properly defined
The doctrine of double effect holds that if an action had two effects, one good and the other evil, the
evil was morally permitted if ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER the good followed as
immediately from the cause as did the evil effect
Truth - CORRECT ANSWER it governs how premises correspond or not to the world
validity - CORRECT ANSWER it concerns the formal relations between premises and
conclusion.
