MHR 300 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Organizational Culture - Answers Shared values, norms, and assumptions that guide the attitudes and
behaviors of members.
4 Levels of culture - Answers artifacts, assumptions, espoused values, enacted values
Artifacts - Answers Physical manifestations such as office layouts, awards, ceremonies, dress codes,
and stories about founders.
Espoused Values - Answers Preferred cause that are explicitly stated by the organization
Enacted Values - Answers Values and norms that employees actually exhibit based on their
observations of what happens within org.
Assumptions - Answers Deeply held values that have become taken for granted over time
Conflict cultures - Answers Shaped norms for managing disagreements (Active or passive and
agreeable or disagreeable)
4 types of conflict cultures - Answers dominating, collaborative, avoidant, passive-aggressive
Dominating - Answers active and disagreeable - open confrontations are accepted as well as heated
arguments and threats
Collaborative - Answers active-agreeable; employees actively manage and resolve conflicts
cooperatively to find the best solution for all parties
Avoidant - Answers Passive and agreeable
Passive-agressive - Answers passive and disagreeable, conflict handled by refusing to participate
Culture of inclusion - Answers Reflects how much majority members value efforts to increase
diversity and whether minority qualifications are questioned
Innovation - Answers Process of creating new products, processes, or services to the market.
3 types of innovation - Answers Radical, systems, incremental
Radical - Answers Major breakthrough
Systems - Answers New functionality through new assembly
Incremental - Answers Technical improvements
Intranets - Answers Can reinforce culture by facilitating community or if poorly managed, reflecting a
culture of secrecy.
3 elements of effective management culture - Answers 1. Taking advantage of the existing culture
2. Teaching the culture through socialization
3. Changing the culture
Organizational socialization - Answers Process where new employees learn and eventually pass on
the firm's culture
4 areas of pressure for change - Answers People, technology, information processing and
communication, competition
People - Answers Changing demographics like Millennials
Technology - Answers Increasing rate of change
Information processing and communication - Answers Social networking and remote work
Competition - Answers Globalization and the internet
Two primary modernist for managing change - Answers Lewin's Process Model and Continuous
Change Process Model
Lewins Process Model - Answers 3 steps process involving unfreezing (becoming aware of need for
change), change (movement to a new state), and refreezing (making new behaviors permanent)
The Continuous Change Process Model - Answers Model views change as ongoing and managed by
top management, often utilizing a change agent
Change agent - Answers Person responsible for managing the effort
Organization development - Answers System wide application of behavioral science knowledge to
plan and reinforce strategies and processes for improving effectiveness
Orgainzation Development techniques - Answers System Wide OD, Task and technological change,
and group and individual change
System Wide OD - Answers Structural Changes, reengineering, and Quality of Work Life programs
Task and Technological Change - Answers Task redesign and technological alterations
Group and individual change - Answers Training, management, development, team building, and
survey feedback
Resistance - Answers Can be organizational or individual - to get over it you need holistic views, top
management support, participation, and open communication
Organizational Culture - Answers Shared values, norms, and assumptions that guide the attitudes and
behaviors of members.
4 Levels of culture - Answers artifacts, assumptions, espoused values, enacted values
Artifacts - Answers Physical manifestations such as office layouts, awards, ceremonies, dress codes,
and stories about founders.
Espoused Values - Answers Preferred cause that are explicitly stated by the organization
Enacted Values - Answers Values and norms that employees actually exhibit based on their
observations of what happens within org.
Assumptions - Answers Deeply held values that have become taken for granted over time
Conflict cultures - Answers Shaped norms for managing disagreements (Active or passive and
agreeable or disagreeable)
4 types of conflict cultures - Answers dominating, collaborative, avoidant, passive-aggressive
Dominating - Answers active and disagreeable - open confrontations are accepted as well as heated
arguments and threats
Collaborative - Answers active-agreeable; employees actively manage and resolve conflicts
cooperatively to find the best solution for all parties
Avoidant - Answers Passive and agreeable
Passive-agressive - Answers passive and disagreeable, conflict handled by refusing to participate
Culture of inclusion - Answers Reflects how much majority members value efforts to increase
diversity and whether minority qualifications are questioned
Innovation - Answers Process of creating new products, processes, or services to the market.
3 types of innovation - Answers Radical, systems, incremental
Radical - Answers Major breakthrough
Systems - Answers New functionality through new assembly
Incremental - Answers Technical improvements
Intranets - Answers Can reinforce culture by facilitating community or if poorly managed, reflecting a
culture of secrecy.
3 elements of effective management culture - Answers 1. Taking advantage of the existing culture
2. Teaching the culture through socialization
3. Changing the culture
Organizational socialization - Answers Process where new employees learn and eventually pass on
the firm's culture
4 areas of pressure for change - Answers People, technology, information processing and
communication, competition
People - Answers Changing demographics like Millennials
Technology - Answers Increasing rate of change
Information processing and communication - Answers Social networking and remote work
Competition - Answers Globalization and the internet
Two primary modernist for managing change - Answers Lewin's Process Model and Continuous
Change Process Model
Lewins Process Model - Answers 3 steps process involving unfreezing (becoming aware of need for
change), change (movement to a new state), and refreezing (making new behaviors permanent)
The Continuous Change Process Model - Answers Model views change as ongoing and managed by
top management, often utilizing a change agent
Change agent - Answers Person responsible for managing the effort
Organization development - Answers System wide application of behavioral science knowledge to
plan and reinforce strategies and processes for improving effectiveness
Orgainzation Development techniques - Answers System Wide OD, Task and technological change,
and group and individual change
System Wide OD - Answers Structural Changes, reengineering, and Quality of Work Life programs
Task and Technological Change - Answers Task redesign and technological alterations
Group and individual change - Answers Training, management, development, team building, and
survey feedback
Resistance - Answers Can be organizational or individual - to get over it you need holistic views, top
management support, participation, and open communication
