AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 12 VOCAB
INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 2026 STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE INDUSTRIALIZATION AND SERVICE
SECTOR TERMS AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ Business Service. Answer: A service that mostly meets the needs
of other businesses, including professional, financial, and
transportation services
◉ Central Place. Answer: A market center for the exchange of
services from people attracted from the surrounding area
◉ Central Place Theory. Answer: A theory that explains the
distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as
centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer
and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for
a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther
◉ Clustered Rural Settlement. Answer: A rural settlement in which
the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to
each other, with fields surrounding the settlement.
, ◉ Consumer Service. Answer: A business that provides services
primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and
education, health, and leisure services.
◉ Dispersed Rural Settlement. Answer: A rural settlement pattern
characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
◉ Economic Base. Answer: A community's collection of basic
businesses
◉ Enclosure Movement. Answer: Occurred in eighteenth century
England when many small landholdings were consolidated into a
small number of larger farms.
◉ Global City. Answer: A major center important for the provision of
services in the global economy
◉ Gravity Model. Answer: A model that states that the potential use
of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number
of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people
must travel to reach the service
◉ Market Area (hinterland). Answer: The area surrounding a central
place from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and
services.
INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 2026 STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE INDUSTRIALIZATION AND SERVICE
SECTOR TERMS AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ Business Service. Answer: A service that mostly meets the needs
of other businesses, including professional, financial, and
transportation services
◉ Central Place. Answer: A market center for the exchange of
services from people attracted from the surrounding area
◉ Central Place Theory. Answer: A theory that explains the
distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as
centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer
and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for
a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther
◉ Clustered Rural Settlement. Answer: A rural settlement in which
the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to
each other, with fields surrounding the settlement.
, ◉ Consumer Service. Answer: A business that provides services
primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and
education, health, and leisure services.
◉ Dispersed Rural Settlement. Answer: A rural settlement pattern
characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
◉ Economic Base. Answer: A community's collection of basic
businesses
◉ Enclosure Movement. Answer: Occurred in eighteenth century
England when many small landholdings were consolidated into a
small number of larger farms.
◉ Global City. Answer: A major center important for the provision of
services in the global economy
◉ Gravity Model. Answer: A model that states that the potential use
of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number
of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people
must travel to reach the service
◉ Market Area (hinterland). Answer: The area surrounding a central
place from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and
services.
