MCAT BIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE TEST BANK FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS NEWEST 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!! McMaster University
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Interconnected membranes that are actually contiguous with the
nuclear envelope. It is folding into complex structures with a central
lumen. The Rough ER is studded with ribosomes that permit
translation of proteins destined for secretion into the lumen.
Golgi Apparatus
Stacked membrane-bound sacs that are transferred from the ER via
vesicles. The Golgi modifies the products via addition of various
groups. It modifies cellular products thought the introduction of
signal sequences, which help direct the delivery of product to a
specific cellular location. Can also send to lysosomes for
degredation
,Cytoskeleton
Provides structure to the cell and helps it to maintain its shape. It
also provides a conduit for transport of material around the cell.
Microfilaments
Solid polymerized rods of actin organized into bundles and
networks that are resistant to compression and fracture. They assist
in cytokinesis and cleavage furrow. Present in muscle
Actin
Subunit of microfilaments, used with ATP to generate force for
movement by interacting with myosin for muscle contraction.
Microtubules
Hollow polymers of tubulin proteins that provide a primary
pathway along which motor proteins like kinesin and dynein carry
vesicles. Makes cilia and flagella. Also makes centrioles
,Cilia
Projections of the cell that are primarily involved in movement of
materials along the surface of a cell. They are made of
microtubules and an example is respiratory cilia.
Flagella
Structures involved in the movement of the cell itself, such as the
movement of sperm cells through the reproductive tract.
9 + 2 Structure
Used in flagella and cilia. Nine pairs of microtubules, with two in the
center.
Centrioles
Found in a region of the cell called the centrosome. They are the
organization centers for microtubules and are structured as nine
triplets of microtubules with a hollow center. They migrate to
opposite poles of the dividing cell and organize the mitotic spindle.
They attach via kinetochores to the chromosomes.
, Intermediate Filaments
Include keratin (hair, nails, skin) and desmin. They are involved in cell-
cell adhesion, or maintenance of the overall integrity of the
cytoskeleton. They can withstand a large amount of tension, adding
rigidity to the cell structure. They help anchor other organelles!
EXAM QUESTIONS NEWEST 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!! McMaster University
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Interconnected membranes that are actually contiguous with the
nuclear envelope. It is folding into complex structures with a central
lumen. The Rough ER is studded with ribosomes that permit
translation of proteins destined for secretion into the lumen.
Golgi Apparatus
Stacked membrane-bound sacs that are transferred from the ER via
vesicles. The Golgi modifies the products via addition of various
groups. It modifies cellular products thought the introduction of
signal sequences, which help direct the delivery of product to a
specific cellular location. Can also send to lysosomes for
degredation
,Cytoskeleton
Provides structure to the cell and helps it to maintain its shape. It
also provides a conduit for transport of material around the cell.
Microfilaments
Solid polymerized rods of actin organized into bundles and
networks that are resistant to compression and fracture. They assist
in cytokinesis and cleavage furrow. Present in muscle
Actin
Subunit of microfilaments, used with ATP to generate force for
movement by interacting with myosin for muscle contraction.
Microtubules
Hollow polymers of tubulin proteins that provide a primary
pathway along which motor proteins like kinesin and dynein carry
vesicles. Makes cilia and flagella. Also makes centrioles
,Cilia
Projections of the cell that are primarily involved in movement of
materials along the surface of a cell. They are made of
microtubules and an example is respiratory cilia.
Flagella
Structures involved in the movement of the cell itself, such as the
movement of sperm cells through the reproductive tract.
9 + 2 Structure
Used in flagella and cilia. Nine pairs of microtubules, with two in the
center.
Centrioles
Found in a region of the cell called the centrosome. They are the
organization centers for microtubules and are structured as nine
triplets of microtubules with a hollow center. They migrate to
opposite poles of the dividing cell and organize the mitotic spindle.
They attach via kinetochores to the chromosomes.
, Intermediate Filaments
Include keratin (hair, nails, skin) and desmin. They are involved in cell-
cell adhesion, or maintenance of the overall integrity of the
cytoskeleton. They can withstand a large amount of tension, adding
rigidity to the cell structure. They help anchor other organelles!
