NU 665C Regis Exam 2 Questions with
Complete Solutions
What are the core symptom clusters of PTSD according to DSM-5-TR? - ANSWERS-Intrusion
Symptoms - Flashbacks, nightmares, distressing memories
Avoidance - Avoiding trauma-related thoughts, places, people
Negative Alterations in Cognition & Mood - Guilt, emotional numbing, distorted blame
Alterations in Arousal & Reactivity - Hypervigilance, irritability, startle response
What factors increase the risk of developing PTSD after trauma exposure? - ANSWERS-Pre-
trauma: Childhood abuse, genetic predisposition, pre-existing mental illness
Peri-trauma: Severity of trauma, perceived threat to life, dissociation during trauma
Post-trauma: Lack of social support, additional life stress, maladaptive coping
How do PTSD symptoms differ between children and adults? - ANSWERS-Children: More likely
to experience nightmares without clear trauma content, re-enact trauma in play, show new
fears, and have behavioral regression.
Adults: More verbal about distress, experience avoidance and hyperarousal, and have higher
risk of comorbid conditions like substance use and depression.
What screening tools are commonly used for diagnosing PTSD? - ANSWERS-Primary Care PTSD
Screen (PC-PTSD-5) - Short 5-item screener
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) - Self-report symptom measure
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) - Gold standard for diagnosis
What are the primary treatment options for PTSD, and how effective are they? - ANSWERS-
Psychotherapy:Trauma-Focused CBT (TF-CBT) - Highly effective for reducing symptomsProlonged
, Exposure Therapy (PE) - Helps with avoidance symptomsEMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing) - Reduces distress
Medications:SSRIs/SNRIs - First-line pharmacological treatmentPrazosin - Helps with nightmares
and hyperarousal
Effectiveness: Psychotherapy + medications often provide best outcomes
What is the clinical presentation of DID, and how does it differ from PTSD? - ANSWERS-DID
Symptoms:Presence of two or more distinct identity statesAmnesia (gaps in memory not
explained by normal forgetting)Identity disruption (marked changes in affect, behavior,
perception)
Differences from PTSD:DID involves identity fragmentation, whereas PTSD focuses on trauma-
related fear and hyperarousalDID has more severe dissociation and amnesia than PTSD
What are the three phases of DID treatment, and what is the goal of each phase? - ANSWERS-
Phase 1: Stabilization - Safety, symptom management, emotional regulation
Phase 2: Trauma Processing - Gradual integration of traumatic memories
Phase 3: Integration - Strengthening identity, improving daily functioning
How can medication be used in the management of DID, and what are its limitations? -
ANSWERS-SSRIs/SNRIs - Treat comorbid depression & anxiety
Atypical antipsychotics - Used for dissociative symptoms in severe cases
Prazosin - Can reduce trauma-related nightmares
Limitations: No medication specifically treats DID; therapy remains the primary treatment
Q: What are common effects of child trauma? - ANSWERS-
A: Emotional dysregulation, attachment difficulties, PTSD, cognitive impairments, and
behavioral problems. - ANSWERS-
Complete Solutions
What are the core symptom clusters of PTSD according to DSM-5-TR? - ANSWERS-Intrusion
Symptoms - Flashbacks, nightmares, distressing memories
Avoidance - Avoiding trauma-related thoughts, places, people
Negative Alterations in Cognition & Mood - Guilt, emotional numbing, distorted blame
Alterations in Arousal & Reactivity - Hypervigilance, irritability, startle response
What factors increase the risk of developing PTSD after trauma exposure? - ANSWERS-Pre-
trauma: Childhood abuse, genetic predisposition, pre-existing mental illness
Peri-trauma: Severity of trauma, perceived threat to life, dissociation during trauma
Post-trauma: Lack of social support, additional life stress, maladaptive coping
How do PTSD symptoms differ between children and adults? - ANSWERS-Children: More likely
to experience nightmares without clear trauma content, re-enact trauma in play, show new
fears, and have behavioral regression.
Adults: More verbal about distress, experience avoidance and hyperarousal, and have higher
risk of comorbid conditions like substance use and depression.
What screening tools are commonly used for diagnosing PTSD? - ANSWERS-Primary Care PTSD
Screen (PC-PTSD-5) - Short 5-item screener
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) - Self-report symptom measure
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) - Gold standard for diagnosis
What are the primary treatment options for PTSD, and how effective are they? - ANSWERS-
Psychotherapy:Trauma-Focused CBT (TF-CBT) - Highly effective for reducing symptomsProlonged
, Exposure Therapy (PE) - Helps with avoidance symptomsEMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing) - Reduces distress
Medications:SSRIs/SNRIs - First-line pharmacological treatmentPrazosin - Helps with nightmares
and hyperarousal
Effectiveness: Psychotherapy + medications often provide best outcomes
What is the clinical presentation of DID, and how does it differ from PTSD? - ANSWERS-DID
Symptoms:Presence of two or more distinct identity statesAmnesia (gaps in memory not
explained by normal forgetting)Identity disruption (marked changes in affect, behavior,
perception)
Differences from PTSD:DID involves identity fragmentation, whereas PTSD focuses on trauma-
related fear and hyperarousalDID has more severe dissociation and amnesia than PTSD
What are the three phases of DID treatment, and what is the goal of each phase? - ANSWERS-
Phase 1: Stabilization - Safety, symptom management, emotional regulation
Phase 2: Trauma Processing - Gradual integration of traumatic memories
Phase 3: Integration - Strengthening identity, improving daily functioning
How can medication be used in the management of DID, and what are its limitations? -
ANSWERS-SSRIs/SNRIs - Treat comorbid depression & anxiety
Atypical antipsychotics - Used for dissociative symptoms in severe cases
Prazosin - Can reduce trauma-related nightmares
Limitations: No medication specifically treats DID; therapy remains the primary treatment
Q: What are common effects of child trauma? - ANSWERS-
A: Emotional dysregulation, attachment difficulties, PTSD, cognitive impairments, and
behavioral problems. - ANSWERS-
