HCR 240 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | EXAM 3 | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | 2026 LATEST
UPDATED| GET A+
1. orthostatic hy- failure of mechanism that compensates from
laying down/sitting up, sitting potension up/standing up
2. orthostatic hy- decrease in SBP by 20 mmHg and/or decrease
in DBP by 10 mmHg and/or onset potension BP of symptoms within 3
minutes of moving from laying to sitting up or sitting up to markers
standing
3. orthostatic hy- anti-hypertensive drugs, altered body
chemistry, prolonged immobility caused by potension causes illness,
volume depletion, conditions that cause venous pooling (pregnancy,
lower extremity varicose veins)
4. orthostatic hy- dizziness, blurred vision, syncope (fainting)
potension symptoms
, 5. hypertension elevated systolic/diastolic blood pressure;
>140 SBP, >90 DBP or >130 SBP, >80 DBP; two main types
6. primary hyper- caused by interactions between genetics
and environment tension
7. secondary hyper- caused by other medical illness, eg. cushings
syndrome, pheochromocytoma, tension renal artery stenosis
8. hypertension risk family history, old age, obesity, glucose
intolerance, low socioeconomic status,
factors increased sodium intake, smoking
9. uncontrolled myocardial infarctions, hypertrophy of the
cardiac muscle, kidney disease, cerehypertension brovascular
accidents long-term complications
, 10. malignant hypertension, hypertensive crisis, organ damage
and cerebral edema; medical emergency
severely elevated hypertension complications
11. hypertension generally "silent," no symptoms other than
malignant hypertension; elevated BP symptoms and on two separate
occasions diagnosis
12. hypertension primary: reduce or eliminate risk factors,
dietary changes (DASH), anti-hypertentreatment sive medications;
secondary: find and treat underlying cause
13. deep vein throm- thrombus formation in large veins, typically
lower extremities; may have swelling bosis of affected limb; high
risk in hospitalized patients; main risk is breaking off and becoming
emboli
, 14. virchows triad factors that promote deep vein thrombosis;
injury to the blood vessel endothelium, abnormalities of blood flow,
hypercoagulability
15. injury to the atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic
hyperglycemia, direct injury to the blood blood vessel en- vessel
(needle stick) dothelium; virchows triad
16. abnormalities of turbulent flow, venous stasis; sickle cell
disease, prolonged inactivity (post-op, blood flow; vir- long flights),
abnormal cardiac contractility (atrial fibrillation) chows triad
17. hypercoagulabili- thrombocytosis, deficiency in anti-
coagulation proteins, excess in pro-coagulaty; virchows triad tion
proteins, malignancy, testosterone and estrogen, smoking, pro-
inflammatory states
18. embolism bolus of matter that circulates in the blood stream
and then lodges, leading to obstruction of blood flow
UPDATED| GET A+
1. orthostatic hy- failure of mechanism that compensates from
laying down/sitting up, sitting potension up/standing up
2. orthostatic hy- decrease in SBP by 20 mmHg and/or decrease
in DBP by 10 mmHg and/or onset potension BP of symptoms within 3
minutes of moving from laying to sitting up or sitting up to markers
standing
3. orthostatic hy- anti-hypertensive drugs, altered body
chemistry, prolonged immobility caused by potension causes illness,
volume depletion, conditions that cause venous pooling (pregnancy,
lower extremity varicose veins)
4. orthostatic hy- dizziness, blurred vision, syncope (fainting)
potension symptoms
, 5. hypertension elevated systolic/diastolic blood pressure;
>140 SBP, >90 DBP or >130 SBP, >80 DBP; two main types
6. primary hyper- caused by interactions between genetics
and environment tension
7. secondary hyper- caused by other medical illness, eg. cushings
syndrome, pheochromocytoma, tension renal artery stenosis
8. hypertension risk family history, old age, obesity, glucose
intolerance, low socioeconomic status,
factors increased sodium intake, smoking
9. uncontrolled myocardial infarctions, hypertrophy of the
cardiac muscle, kidney disease, cerehypertension brovascular
accidents long-term complications
, 10. malignant hypertension, hypertensive crisis, organ damage
and cerebral edema; medical emergency
severely elevated hypertension complications
11. hypertension generally "silent," no symptoms other than
malignant hypertension; elevated BP symptoms and on two separate
occasions diagnosis
12. hypertension primary: reduce or eliminate risk factors,
dietary changes (DASH), anti-hypertentreatment sive medications;
secondary: find and treat underlying cause
13. deep vein throm- thrombus formation in large veins, typically
lower extremities; may have swelling bosis of affected limb; high
risk in hospitalized patients; main risk is breaking off and becoming
emboli
, 14. virchows triad factors that promote deep vein thrombosis;
injury to the blood vessel endothelium, abnormalities of blood flow,
hypercoagulability
15. injury to the atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic
hyperglycemia, direct injury to the blood blood vessel en- vessel
(needle stick) dothelium; virchows triad
16. abnormalities of turbulent flow, venous stasis; sickle cell
disease, prolonged inactivity (post-op, blood flow; vir- long flights),
abnormal cardiac contractility (atrial fibrillation) chows triad
17. hypercoagulabili- thrombocytosis, deficiency in anti-
coagulation proteins, excess in pro-coagulaty; virchows triad tion
proteins, malignancy, testosterone and estrogen, smoking, pro-
inflammatory states
18. embolism bolus of matter that circulates in the blood stream
and then lodges, leading to obstruction of blood flow
