Zoë Nicasie - 2024
Samenvatting Inleiding tot IT en SCM
Inhoudsopgave
1 Inleiding tot IT & SCM ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5
2 SCM: Basis van operatiemanagement ___________________________________________________________________ 6
2.1 OM, business functions and value chain _______________________________________________________________ 6
2.1.1 Wat is OM? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6
2.1.2 Transformatieproces _____________________________________________________________________________ 6
2.1.3 Value chain______________________________________________________________________________________ 6
2.1.4 Operations management decisions ________________________________________________________________ 7
2.1.5 Leading business functies ________________________________________________________________________ 7
2.1.6 Verhogen van het belang van SCM & IT _____________________________________________________________ 7
2.2 Manufacturing vs. Services ___________________________________________________________________________ 8
2.2.1 Classificatie van dienstenorganisaties _____________________________________________________________ 8
2.3 Historische ontwikkeling _____________________________________________________________________________ 8
2.3.1 Huidige omgeving ________________________________________________________________________________ 9
2.4 Supply Chain Management __________________________________________________________________________ 10
3 SCM: Strategie en productiviteit ________________________________________________________________________ 11
3.1 Business strategie __________________________________________________________________________________ 11
3.2 Operationsstrategie _________________________________________________________________________________ 11
3.3 Competitieve prioriteiten ____________________________________________________________________________ 12
3.3.1 Kosten _________________________________________________________________________________________ 12
3.3.2 Kwaliteit _______________________________________________________________________________________ 12
3.3.3 Tijd ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12
3.3.4 Flexibiliteit _____________________________________________________________________________________ 12
3.3.5 Order qualifiers vs. Order winners ________________________________________________________________ 12
3.4 Operationsstrategie: vertaling naar productie requirements ____________________________________________ 13
3.5 De strategische rol van technologie___________________________________________________________________ 13
3.6 Productiviteit _______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
3.6.1 Partiële productiviteit metingen __________________________________________________________________ 13
3.6.2 Productiviteit groei ______________________________________________________________________________ 13
3.6.3 Multifactor productiviteit ________________________________________________________________________ 14
4 SCM: Product- en procesdesign ________________________________________________________________________ 15
4.1 Hoe product -en procesdesign gelinkt zijn? ____________________________________________________________ 15
4.2 Het proces van productdesign _______________________________________________________________________ 15
4.2.1 Idee ontwikkeling _______________________________________________________________________________ 15
4.2.2 Productscreening _______________________________________________________________________________ 15
4.2.3 Eerste design en test ____________________________________________________________________________ 15
4.2.4 Final design ____________________________________________________________________________________ 16
4.3 Factoren die het productdesign impacteren ___________________________________________________________ 16
4.3.1 DFM ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 16
4.3.2 PLC ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16
4.3.3 CE _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16
4.3.4 Remanufacturing _______________________________________________________________________________ 16
4.4 Proces selectie _____________________________________________________________________________________ 17
4.5 Designproces ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17
4.5.1 Make-to-stock __________________________________________________________________________________ 17
, 4.5.2 Assemble-to-order ______________________________________________________________________________ 18
4.5.3 Make-to-order __________________________________________________________________________________ 18
4.5.4 Engineer-to-order _______________________________________________________________________________ 18
4.6 Process performance metrics ________________________________________________________________________ 18
4.7 De impact van technologie op product- en procesdesign _______________________________________________ 18
4.8 Designing services __________________________________________________________________________________ 19
4.8.1 Classificatie van dienstenorganisaties ____________________________________________________________ 19
4.8.2 Drie benaderingen voor het ontwerpen van diensten _______________________________________________ 19
5 SCM: TQM, TPS/Just in time en Lean systemin ___________________________________________________________ 20
5.1 Totaal kwaliteitsmanagement ________________________________________________________________________ 20
5.1.1 Geschiedenis van TQM __________________________________________________________________________ 20
5.1.2 Definitie van TQM _______________________________________________________________________________ 20
5.1.3 Verschillende definities van kwaliteit _____________________________________________________________ 20
5.1.4 Kost van kwaliteit _______________________________________________________________________________ 20
5.1.5 De filosofie van TQM ____________________________________________________________________________ 21
5.2 Geschiedenis van de wagenproductie ________________________________________________________________ 24
5.2.1 Craftproductie (op maat) ________________________________________________________________________ 24
5.2.2 Massaproductie ________________________________________________________________________________ 24
5.2.3 Lean productie _________________________________________________________________________________ 24
5.3 Just-in-time filosofie ________________________________________________________________________________ 24
5.3.1 Definitie Just-in-time ____________________________________________________________________________ 24
5.3.2 Beliefs of Just-in-time ___________________________________________________________________________ 25
5.3.3 Huis van het Toyota Productie Systeem ___________________________________________________________ 25
5.3.4 Terminologie van Toyota Productie Systeem en Lean _______________________________________________ 25
5.3.5 Van Toyota Productie Systeem naar Lean _________________________________________________________ 25
5.4 Lean manufacturing _________________________________________________________________________________ 25
5.4.1 De 5 Key elementen van Lean Manufacturing ______________________________________________________ 26
5.4.2 Wat is waste?___________________________________________________________________________________ 26
5.4.3 Voorraad en verspilling __________________________________________________________________________ 26
5.4.4 Niet alleen verspilling: Muda-Mura-Muri___________________________________________________________ 26
5.4.5 Lean journey: 5 stappen om lean te implementeren ________________________________________________ 26
6 SCM: Facility lay-out planning __________________________________________________________________________ 28
6.1 Types lay-out _______________________________________________________________________________________ 28
6.2 Vergelijking tussen proces- en productlay-outs ________________________________________________________ 28
6.3 Ontwerpen van proces lay-outs ______________________________________________________________________ 29
6.3.1 Verzamel informatie _____________________________________________________________________________ 29
6.3.2 Ontwikkel een verbeterd blokplan ________________________________________________________________ 30
6.3.3 Ontwikkel een gedetailleerde lay-out _____________________________________________________________ 31
6.3.4 Soorten lay-outs ________________________________________________________________________________ 31
6.4 Ontwerpen van product lay-out ______________________________________________________________________ 32
6.4.1 Methode voor het ontwerpen van een productlay-out ______________________________________________ 32
6.5 Andere bedenkingen ________________________________________________________________________________ 34
7 SCM: Statistische kwaliteitscontrole ___________________________________________________________________ 35
7.1 Wat is statistische kwaliteitscontrole? ________________________________________________________________ 35
7.2 Welke bronnen van variatie kunnen we onderscheiden? ________________________________________________ 35
7.3 Beschrijvende statistieken ___________________________________________________________________________ 35
7.4 Statistische procescontrole (SPC) ____________________________________________________________________ 35
7.4.1 Controlekaarten voor variabelen _________________________________________________________________ 37
7.4.2 Controlekaarten voor attributen __________________________________________________________________ 40
7.4.3 Procesvermogen ________________________________________________________________________________ 41
, 7.5 Acceptatie samplen _________________________________________________________________________________ 42
7.5.1 Risico’s ________________________________________________________________________________________ 43
7.5.2 Bedrijfskarakteristieken (OC)-curven (operating characteristic) _____________________________________ 43
7.5.3 Binomiale distributie ____________________________________________________________________________ 44
7.5.4 Gemiddelde uitgaande kwaliteit __________________________________________________________________ 46
7.6 Implicaties voor managers ___________________________________________________________________________ 47
8 IT: Informatiesystemen in globale business heden ______________________________________________________ 48
8.1 Inleiding ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 48
8.2 Effect informatiesystemen op bedrijven _______________________________________________________________ 48
8.2.1 Voortdurende veranderingen in informatiesystemen _______________________________________________ 49
8.3 Strategische bedrijfsdoelen van IS ____________________________________________________________________ 49
8.3.1 Operational Excellence __________________________________________________________________________ 49
8.3.2 Nieuwe producten, diensten en bedrijfsmodellen __________________________________________________ 50
8.3.3 Customer & supplier intimacy ____________________________________________________________________ 50
8.3.4 Improved (strategic) Decision Making _____________________________________________________________ 50
8.3.5 Competitief voordeel ____________________________________________________________________________ 50
8.3.6 Survival ________________________________________________________________________________________ 50
8.4 Samenvatting_______________________________________________________________________________________ 50
8.5 Data vs Informatie __________________________________________________________________________________ 51
8.5.1 Definitie ________________________________________________________________________________________ 51
8.5.2 Activiteiten IS ___________________________________________________________________________________ 51
8.5.3 Drie dimensies _________________________________________________________________________________ 51
8.6 Zakelijk perspectief _________________________________________________________________________________ 53
8.6.1 Complementary assets __________________________________________________________________________ 53
9 IT: IT infrastructuur & opkomende technologie __________________________________________________________ 55
9.1 Service platform perspectief op IT-infrastructuur ______________________________________________________ 55
9.2 Evolutie van IT-infrastructuur ________________________________________________________________________ 55
9.3 Componenten IT-infrastructuur ______________________________________________________________________ 57
9.3.1 Hardware ______________________________________________________________________________________ 57
9.3.2 Software _______________________________________________________________________________________ 58
9.3.3 Operating system _______________________________________________________________________________ 58
9.3.4 Datamanagement en storage ____________________________________________________________________ 58
9.3.5 Netwerken en telecommunicatieplatformen ______________________________________________________ 58
9.3.6 Consulting en systeem integratie diensten ________________________________________________________ 58
9.4 Huidige trends in computer hardware platformen ______________________________________________________ 59
9.5 Huidige trends in computer software platformen ______________________________________________________ 59
10 IT: Fundamenten BI & databases ______________________________________________________________________ 61
10.1 Beheren van databronnen _________________________________________________________________________ 61
10.1.1 Problemen met de traditionele bestandsomgeving _______________________________________________ 61
10.1.2 Documenten en servers _______________________________________________________________________ 61
10.2 Database Management Systems (DBMS) ____________________________________________________________ 62
10.2.1 Relationeel DMBS _____________________________________________________________________________ 62
10.2.2 Niet-relationele databases en databases in de cloud _____________________________________________ 64
10.2.3 Verschillende noden, verschillende data tools ___________________________________________________ 64
10.3 Informatie uit databases voor bedrijven _____________________________________________________________ 64
10.3.1 De uitdaging van Big Data ______________________________________________________________________ 64
10.3.2 Business Intelligence-infrastructuur ____________________________________________________________ 64
10.3.3 Gegevens gebruiken: Business Intelligence______________________________________________________ 65
10.4 Data management ________________________________________________________________________________ 66
10.4.1 Het opzetten van een informatiebeleid __________________________________________________________ 66
10.4.2 Verzekeren van datakwaliteit ___________________________________________________________________ 66
, 11 IT: Telecom & internet ________________________________________________________________________________ 68
11.1 Geschiedenis en trends ___________________________________________________________________________ 68
11.2 Wat is een computernetwerk? _____________________________________________________________________ 68
11.2.1 Netwerken in grote bedrijven ___________________________________________________________________ 69
11.2.2 Belangrijke digitale netwerktechnologieën ______________________________________________________ 69
11.3 Types netwerken __________________________________________________________________________________ 71
11.4 Internet __________________________________________________________________________________________ 72
11.4.1 Internet adressen en architectuur ______________________________________________________________ 73
11.4.2 The World Wide Web __________________________________________________________________________ 74
11.5 Samenvatting _____________________________________________________________________________________ 75
12 IT: Ethische en sociale problemen bij informatiesystemen _____________________________________________ 76
12.1 Nadeel van Big Data _______________________________________________________________________________ 76
12.2 Ethische, sociale en politieke problemen ___________________________________________________________ 76
12.3 Gedragsprincipes bij ethische beslissingen _________________________________________________________ 77
12.3.1 Basisconcepten: verantwoordelijkheid, aansprakelijkheid en wettelijke aansprakelijkheid___________ 77
12.3.2 Ethische analyse ______________________________________________________________________________ 77
12.3.3 Ethische principes (candidate ethical principles) ________________________________________________ 77
12.3.4 Professionele gedragscodes ___________________________________________________________________ 78
12.4 Bescherming privacy en intellectuele eigendom _____________________________________________________ 78
12.4.1 Informatierechten en -plichten _________________________________________________________________ 78
12.4.2 Eigendomsrechten en -plichten ________________________________________________________________ 78
12.5 Invloed op de wetgeving en het dagelijke leven_______________________________________________________ 79
12.5.1 Systeemkwaliteit______________________________________________________________________________ 79
12.5.2 Levenskwaliteit _______________________________________________________________________________ 79
12.5.3 Verantwoording en controle____________________________________________________________________ 80
13 Gastcollege Colruyt __________________________________________________________________________________ 81
13.1 Supply Chain Strategy _____________________________________________________________________________ 81
13.2 Supply Chain Colruyt Lowest Prices ________________________________________________________________ 82
Samenvatting Inleiding tot IT en SCM
Inhoudsopgave
1 Inleiding tot IT & SCM ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5
2 SCM: Basis van operatiemanagement ___________________________________________________________________ 6
2.1 OM, business functions and value chain _______________________________________________________________ 6
2.1.1 Wat is OM? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6
2.1.2 Transformatieproces _____________________________________________________________________________ 6
2.1.3 Value chain______________________________________________________________________________________ 6
2.1.4 Operations management decisions ________________________________________________________________ 7
2.1.5 Leading business functies ________________________________________________________________________ 7
2.1.6 Verhogen van het belang van SCM & IT _____________________________________________________________ 7
2.2 Manufacturing vs. Services ___________________________________________________________________________ 8
2.2.1 Classificatie van dienstenorganisaties _____________________________________________________________ 8
2.3 Historische ontwikkeling _____________________________________________________________________________ 8
2.3.1 Huidige omgeving ________________________________________________________________________________ 9
2.4 Supply Chain Management __________________________________________________________________________ 10
3 SCM: Strategie en productiviteit ________________________________________________________________________ 11
3.1 Business strategie __________________________________________________________________________________ 11
3.2 Operationsstrategie _________________________________________________________________________________ 11
3.3 Competitieve prioriteiten ____________________________________________________________________________ 12
3.3.1 Kosten _________________________________________________________________________________________ 12
3.3.2 Kwaliteit _______________________________________________________________________________________ 12
3.3.3 Tijd ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12
3.3.4 Flexibiliteit _____________________________________________________________________________________ 12
3.3.5 Order qualifiers vs. Order winners ________________________________________________________________ 12
3.4 Operationsstrategie: vertaling naar productie requirements ____________________________________________ 13
3.5 De strategische rol van technologie___________________________________________________________________ 13
3.6 Productiviteit _______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
3.6.1 Partiële productiviteit metingen __________________________________________________________________ 13
3.6.2 Productiviteit groei ______________________________________________________________________________ 13
3.6.3 Multifactor productiviteit ________________________________________________________________________ 14
4 SCM: Product- en procesdesign ________________________________________________________________________ 15
4.1 Hoe product -en procesdesign gelinkt zijn? ____________________________________________________________ 15
4.2 Het proces van productdesign _______________________________________________________________________ 15
4.2.1 Idee ontwikkeling _______________________________________________________________________________ 15
4.2.2 Productscreening _______________________________________________________________________________ 15
4.2.3 Eerste design en test ____________________________________________________________________________ 15
4.2.4 Final design ____________________________________________________________________________________ 16
4.3 Factoren die het productdesign impacteren ___________________________________________________________ 16
4.3.1 DFM ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 16
4.3.2 PLC ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16
4.3.3 CE _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16
4.3.4 Remanufacturing _______________________________________________________________________________ 16
4.4 Proces selectie _____________________________________________________________________________________ 17
4.5 Designproces ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17
4.5.1 Make-to-stock __________________________________________________________________________________ 17
, 4.5.2 Assemble-to-order ______________________________________________________________________________ 18
4.5.3 Make-to-order __________________________________________________________________________________ 18
4.5.4 Engineer-to-order _______________________________________________________________________________ 18
4.6 Process performance metrics ________________________________________________________________________ 18
4.7 De impact van technologie op product- en procesdesign _______________________________________________ 18
4.8 Designing services __________________________________________________________________________________ 19
4.8.1 Classificatie van dienstenorganisaties ____________________________________________________________ 19
4.8.2 Drie benaderingen voor het ontwerpen van diensten _______________________________________________ 19
5 SCM: TQM, TPS/Just in time en Lean systemin ___________________________________________________________ 20
5.1 Totaal kwaliteitsmanagement ________________________________________________________________________ 20
5.1.1 Geschiedenis van TQM __________________________________________________________________________ 20
5.1.2 Definitie van TQM _______________________________________________________________________________ 20
5.1.3 Verschillende definities van kwaliteit _____________________________________________________________ 20
5.1.4 Kost van kwaliteit _______________________________________________________________________________ 20
5.1.5 De filosofie van TQM ____________________________________________________________________________ 21
5.2 Geschiedenis van de wagenproductie ________________________________________________________________ 24
5.2.1 Craftproductie (op maat) ________________________________________________________________________ 24
5.2.2 Massaproductie ________________________________________________________________________________ 24
5.2.3 Lean productie _________________________________________________________________________________ 24
5.3 Just-in-time filosofie ________________________________________________________________________________ 24
5.3.1 Definitie Just-in-time ____________________________________________________________________________ 24
5.3.2 Beliefs of Just-in-time ___________________________________________________________________________ 25
5.3.3 Huis van het Toyota Productie Systeem ___________________________________________________________ 25
5.3.4 Terminologie van Toyota Productie Systeem en Lean _______________________________________________ 25
5.3.5 Van Toyota Productie Systeem naar Lean _________________________________________________________ 25
5.4 Lean manufacturing _________________________________________________________________________________ 25
5.4.1 De 5 Key elementen van Lean Manufacturing ______________________________________________________ 26
5.4.2 Wat is waste?___________________________________________________________________________________ 26
5.4.3 Voorraad en verspilling __________________________________________________________________________ 26
5.4.4 Niet alleen verspilling: Muda-Mura-Muri___________________________________________________________ 26
5.4.5 Lean journey: 5 stappen om lean te implementeren ________________________________________________ 26
6 SCM: Facility lay-out planning __________________________________________________________________________ 28
6.1 Types lay-out _______________________________________________________________________________________ 28
6.2 Vergelijking tussen proces- en productlay-outs ________________________________________________________ 28
6.3 Ontwerpen van proces lay-outs ______________________________________________________________________ 29
6.3.1 Verzamel informatie _____________________________________________________________________________ 29
6.3.2 Ontwikkel een verbeterd blokplan ________________________________________________________________ 30
6.3.3 Ontwikkel een gedetailleerde lay-out _____________________________________________________________ 31
6.3.4 Soorten lay-outs ________________________________________________________________________________ 31
6.4 Ontwerpen van product lay-out ______________________________________________________________________ 32
6.4.1 Methode voor het ontwerpen van een productlay-out ______________________________________________ 32
6.5 Andere bedenkingen ________________________________________________________________________________ 34
7 SCM: Statistische kwaliteitscontrole ___________________________________________________________________ 35
7.1 Wat is statistische kwaliteitscontrole? ________________________________________________________________ 35
7.2 Welke bronnen van variatie kunnen we onderscheiden? ________________________________________________ 35
7.3 Beschrijvende statistieken ___________________________________________________________________________ 35
7.4 Statistische procescontrole (SPC) ____________________________________________________________________ 35
7.4.1 Controlekaarten voor variabelen _________________________________________________________________ 37
7.4.2 Controlekaarten voor attributen __________________________________________________________________ 40
7.4.3 Procesvermogen ________________________________________________________________________________ 41
, 7.5 Acceptatie samplen _________________________________________________________________________________ 42
7.5.1 Risico’s ________________________________________________________________________________________ 43
7.5.2 Bedrijfskarakteristieken (OC)-curven (operating characteristic) _____________________________________ 43
7.5.3 Binomiale distributie ____________________________________________________________________________ 44
7.5.4 Gemiddelde uitgaande kwaliteit __________________________________________________________________ 46
7.6 Implicaties voor managers ___________________________________________________________________________ 47
8 IT: Informatiesystemen in globale business heden ______________________________________________________ 48
8.1 Inleiding ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 48
8.2 Effect informatiesystemen op bedrijven _______________________________________________________________ 48
8.2.1 Voortdurende veranderingen in informatiesystemen _______________________________________________ 49
8.3 Strategische bedrijfsdoelen van IS ____________________________________________________________________ 49
8.3.1 Operational Excellence __________________________________________________________________________ 49
8.3.2 Nieuwe producten, diensten en bedrijfsmodellen __________________________________________________ 50
8.3.3 Customer & supplier intimacy ____________________________________________________________________ 50
8.3.4 Improved (strategic) Decision Making _____________________________________________________________ 50
8.3.5 Competitief voordeel ____________________________________________________________________________ 50
8.3.6 Survival ________________________________________________________________________________________ 50
8.4 Samenvatting_______________________________________________________________________________________ 50
8.5 Data vs Informatie __________________________________________________________________________________ 51
8.5.1 Definitie ________________________________________________________________________________________ 51
8.5.2 Activiteiten IS ___________________________________________________________________________________ 51
8.5.3 Drie dimensies _________________________________________________________________________________ 51
8.6 Zakelijk perspectief _________________________________________________________________________________ 53
8.6.1 Complementary assets __________________________________________________________________________ 53
9 IT: IT infrastructuur & opkomende technologie __________________________________________________________ 55
9.1 Service platform perspectief op IT-infrastructuur ______________________________________________________ 55
9.2 Evolutie van IT-infrastructuur ________________________________________________________________________ 55
9.3 Componenten IT-infrastructuur ______________________________________________________________________ 57
9.3.1 Hardware ______________________________________________________________________________________ 57
9.3.2 Software _______________________________________________________________________________________ 58
9.3.3 Operating system _______________________________________________________________________________ 58
9.3.4 Datamanagement en storage ____________________________________________________________________ 58
9.3.5 Netwerken en telecommunicatieplatformen ______________________________________________________ 58
9.3.6 Consulting en systeem integratie diensten ________________________________________________________ 58
9.4 Huidige trends in computer hardware platformen ______________________________________________________ 59
9.5 Huidige trends in computer software platformen ______________________________________________________ 59
10 IT: Fundamenten BI & databases ______________________________________________________________________ 61
10.1 Beheren van databronnen _________________________________________________________________________ 61
10.1.1 Problemen met de traditionele bestandsomgeving _______________________________________________ 61
10.1.2 Documenten en servers _______________________________________________________________________ 61
10.2 Database Management Systems (DBMS) ____________________________________________________________ 62
10.2.1 Relationeel DMBS _____________________________________________________________________________ 62
10.2.2 Niet-relationele databases en databases in de cloud _____________________________________________ 64
10.2.3 Verschillende noden, verschillende data tools ___________________________________________________ 64
10.3 Informatie uit databases voor bedrijven _____________________________________________________________ 64
10.3.1 De uitdaging van Big Data ______________________________________________________________________ 64
10.3.2 Business Intelligence-infrastructuur ____________________________________________________________ 64
10.3.3 Gegevens gebruiken: Business Intelligence______________________________________________________ 65
10.4 Data management ________________________________________________________________________________ 66
10.4.1 Het opzetten van een informatiebeleid __________________________________________________________ 66
10.4.2 Verzekeren van datakwaliteit ___________________________________________________________________ 66
, 11 IT: Telecom & internet ________________________________________________________________________________ 68
11.1 Geschiedenis en trends ___________________________________________________________________________ 68
11.2 Wat is een computernetwerk? _____________________________________________________________________ 68
11.2.1 Netwerken in grote bedrijven ___________________________________________________________________ 69
11.2.2 Belangrijke digitale netwerktechnologieën ______________________________________________________ 69
11.3 Types netwerken __________________________________________________________________________________ 71
11.4 Internet __________________________________________________________________________________________ 72
11.4.1 Internet adressen en architectuur ______________________________________________________________ 73
11.4.2 The World Wide Web __________________________________________________________________________ 74
11.5 Samenvatting _____________________________________________________________________________________ 75
12 IT: Ethische en sociale problemen bij informatiesystemen _____________________________________________ 76
12.1 Nadeel van Big Data _______________________________________________________________________________ 76
12.2 Ethische, sociale en politieke problemen ___________________________________________________________ 76
12.3 Gedragsprincipes bij ethische beslissingen _________________________________________________________ 77
12.3.1 Basisconcepten: verantwoordelijkheid, aansprakelijkheid en wettelijke aansprakelijkheid___________ 77
12.3.2 Ethische analyse ______________________________________________________________________________ 77
12.3.3 Ethische principes (candidate ethical principles) ________________________________________________ 77
12.3.4 Professionele gedragscodes ___________________________________________________________________ 78
12.4 Bescherming privacy en intellectuele eigendom _____________________________________________________ 78
12.4.1 Informatierechten en -plichten _________________________________________________________________ 78
12.4.2 Eigendomsrechten en -plichten ________________________________________________________________ 78
12.5 Invloed op de wetgeving en het dagelijke leven_______________________________________________________ 79
12.5.1 Systeemkwaliteit______________________________________________________________________________ 79
12.5.2 Levenskwaliteit _______________________________________________________________________________ 79
12.5.3 Verantwoording en controle____________________________________________________________________ 80
13 Gastcollege Colruyt __________________________________________________________________________________ 81
13.1 Supply Chain Strategy _____________________________________________________________________________ 81
13.2 Supply Chain Colruyt Lowest Prices ________________________________________________________________ 82
