AAB MT Generalist Random Q's & A’s

The diagnostic value of the reticulocyte count in the evaluation of anemia is that it determines the: Response and potential of the bone marrow The greatest risk for the manifestation of anomalies in maternal rubella infection during gestation is the: First trimester The hepatitis B virus vaccine was administered to MLS students during Orientation.Which type of immunity is expected to develop and provide long-term protection? Active (The hepatitis B vaccine is a series of immunizations consisting of three injections of the hepatitis B antigen. The antigen causes the recipient of the injection to make antibodies against the antigen, hence why this is an example of active immunity.) The most common rapid slide test (MONOSPOT©) for infectious mononucleosis employs: Horse erythrocytes The part of the immunoglobulin molecule that may be kappa or lambda chains is: Light chains The part of the molecule responsible for differences among immunoglobulin classes is: Heavy chains The primary purpose of neutrophil granules is to: Provide microbicidal action (Neutrophil granules provide enzymes for hydrolytic substrate break-down, kill ingested bacteria, and secrete their contents to regulate different physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation.) The properties of an antibody class are defined by the: Fc end of the molecule The purpose of C3a, C4a, C5a, the split-products of the complement cascade, is to: Cause increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils The rate of appearance of NADPH is proportional to the amount of glucose present in the samplemost sensitive enzymatic method; more accurate; less interfering substances Hexokinase The rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis is PRIMARILY which type of immunoglobulin? IGM The term TITER ( as it applies to the measurement of antibodies) is best defined as: Reciprocal of maximum reactive dilution (A specimen with a last reacting tube containing a 1:100 dilution, would be said to have a titer of 100.) This protein is an acute phase reactant and its function is inhibition of the protease neutrophil elastase Alpha 1 antitrypsin What is the MOST likely identity of an acid-fast bacilli that showed buff colored, dry, heaped colonies; niacin, nitrate, and urease positive; and took 23 days at 35ºC to grow? Mycobacterium tuberculosis The steps in the PCR process are: 1) Denaturation (Turning double stranded DNA into single strands.) 2) Annealing/Hybrization (Attachment of primers to the single DNA strands.) 3) Extension (Creating the complementary strand to produce new double stranded DNA.) What may prevent the detection of lupus anticoagulant in a plasma sample if the blood used for testing is not centrifuged for a sufficient time? Increased platelets in the plasma could prevent the detection of lupus anticoagulant (antiphospholipid antibody). What type of follow-up testing is recommended for a Speckled ANA pattern? Testing for antibodies to the extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) Which infectious disease test is used for the confirmation of syphilis? FTA-ABS Which infectious disease test is used to detect syphillis PRP Which method remains the "gold standard" for ANA detection? Slide-based immunofluorescent assay (IFA) or Colorzyme® Which of the following is most responsible for increasing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): Fibrinogen Albumin Alpha-2-globulins, beta-globulins, gamma-globulins Cholesterol Fibrinogen Which of the following is used as an indicator of inflammation? C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is used as an indicator of inflammation The normal kappa/lambda ratio in serum 2:1 A kappa/lambda ratio outside of 2:1 is an indication of monoclonal gammopathies. Which of the following would be considered most significant as it relates to serological testing: Rise of antibody titers is diagnostic Which one of the following would not be considered an anatomic barrier of the innate immune system? T-Lymphocytes Which real-time PCR quantification method is only effective if the amplification efficiency of both target and reference samples are equal? Comparitice threshold method Which two stages of cell division are the most important for reading ANAs? Interphase and metaphase Why are ANA positive samples titered? There are two main reasons for titering ANA samples: to determine the amount of antibody present and to look for multiple ANA patterns. Wilson's Disease is described as Excess storage of copper in organs Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Excess gastrin excess HCl production ____ is a protein synthesized in the liver and is an acute phase reactant. Its function is to form a fibrin clot Fibrinogen ____ protein function is to act as a opsonin facilitating phagocytosis C-reactive protein _____ is the only hormone that decreases glucose Insulin _____ metabolizes to metanephrine which is metabolized to VMA Epinephrine _____ viruses transcribe RNA to DNA Retroviruses ______ are the breakdown products of nucleic acid catabolism && allantoin is the final breakdown product of ______ metabolism in other mammals Purine ______ is a copper staining, Alpha- 2-globulin protein synthesized in the liver with its function consisting of peroxidase activity Ceruloplasmin ______ test is used to detect reducing sugars in the urine Clinitest ________ are products of incomplete fat breakdown that has 3 bodies 1. acetone 2. acetoacetic acid 3. B hydroxybutyric acid sodium nitroprusside is the reagent used to measure this carbohydrate Ketone _________ kinetics occurs when the reaction rate is directly proportional to the substrate concentrate First- order kinetics __________ is characterized by increased amounts of ammonia in children that is associated with salicylate ingestion and is frequently preceded by a viral infection Reyes Syndrome ___________ kinetics occurs when the reaction rate depends on the enzyme concentration Zero order kinetics a CNS amoeba with a clinical significance of promary ameobic meningoencephalitis Naegleria floweri a GI amoeba whose cyst phase consists of a splinter shaped chromatoidal body-- has a clinical significance of amebiasis Entamoeba coli a GI amoeba with sausage shaped chromatoidal bodies in cyst's cytoplasm and a clinical significance of amebic dysentery Entamoeba histolytica a dimorphic fungi associated with Darling's disease very common infectious disease spores found in high concentration of chicken houses, caves inhibited by bats, starling roots, and peigon coops Histoplasma capsulatum a dimorphic fungi associated with Gilchrist's disease blastomyces dermatitidis amplifies tiny quantities of nucleic acid so that is can be detected by hybridization with nucleic acid probes PCR anerobes that grown in the presence of limited oxygen facultative at pH 8.6, all proteins carry a net (positive or negative) charge Negative cold-- is used to stain acid fast organisms in tissue Kinyoun acid fast stain fluorochrome -- acid fast bacilli appear yellow orange Auramine-Rhodamine biochemical identification: catalase +, CAMP +, Hippurate hydrolysis +, bile esculin +, cold enrichment Listeria monocytogenes hot-- acid fast bacteria stain red and retain purple dye (carbolfuschsin) methylene blue is counter stain Diehl-Neelsen acid fast stain improving the contrast of unstained, transparent specimens. Uses a carefully aligned light source to minimize the quality of directly transmitted (unscattered) light entering the image plane, collecting only the light scattered by the sample dark field microscopy