PATH 370- Quiz 1 with complete solutions

Proto-oncogenes - Answer- normal cellular genes that promote growth The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of - Answer- tumor necrosis factor Metaplasia is - Answer- the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in - Answer- permanent damage and death The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the - Answer- DNA The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is - Answer- intracellular accumulations C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.'s disease is - Answer- streptococcal infection After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of - Answer- tertiary prevention An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of - Answer- secondary prevention After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will - Answer- kill rapidly dividing cells The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is - Answer- energy and repair The effect of stress on the immune system - Answer- may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except - Answer- necrosis Coagulative necrosis is caused by - Answer- interrupted blood supply Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by - Answer- norepinephrine A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of - Answer- primary prevention A disease that is native to a particular region is called - Answer- endemic Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is - Answer- calcium Reperfusion injury to cells - Answer- involves formation of free radicals All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except - Answer- aldosterone Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including - Answer- Burkitt lymphoma Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular - Answer- death (T/F) When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic - Answer- True The effects of excessive cortisol production include - Answer- immune suppression Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is - Answer- deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types (T/F) In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive. - Answer- False A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of - Answer- secondary prevention After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor - Answer- is malignant Your patient eats "lots of fat," leads a "stressful" life, and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is - Answer- cigarette smoking Carbon monoxide injures cells by - Answer- reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin The primary