Summary Attachment & Psychodynamic Theories on Developement

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Early Development - Attachment
& Psychodynamic Theories
Created @February 27, 2023 6:13 PM

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💡 Table of Contents


Attachment and Development
What is attachment?
Prototype of later relationships
Normal attachment behaviours
Bowlby’s Phases of Attachment
Boris, Aoki and Zeneah’s Attachment phases
How the Social Brain Develops
Bonding
Psychoanalytical Attachment Theorist
Comparison with other theorists
Mary Ainsworth & The Strange Situation
Classification of Strange Situation:
The Unbonded Child
Therapy Modalities
Attachment Measure



Early Development - Attachment & Psychodynamic Theories 1

, Attachment in a Western vs Non-western context
Psychodynamic Theories
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
Socio-Historical Location:
Domain of Development
Assumptions
Method/How Evidence is Gathered
Explanatory Exposition
Personality Structure
Psychosexual Development
Stage-Theory of Development
Defense Mechanism:
Criticisms:
Object Relations
Introduction
Klein’s Theory
Objects
Phantasies
Positions
Psychic Defense Mechanism
Internalisations
Freud’s vs Klein’s Understanding of Oedipal Development
Donald Winnicott
Psychoanalytic Background
Winnicott’s Theory
Key Concepts:
Matching
Primary Maternal Preoccupation
Holding
The Good Enough Mother
Ego Development
The True Self
The False Self
Transitional Phenomena
Transitional Space
Transitional Object
Role of Father
Critique
The Oedipus Complex in contemporary SA Society



Early Development - Attachment & Psychodynamic Theories 2

, Psychodynamic Perspective: Neo-Freudians
Empirical Evidence
Criticism
Contributions




Attachment and Development
What is attachment?
john bowlby

developmental progression and achievement necessary for psychological health

indicated by quality of relationship formed between primary caregiver and infant
from 0-5

caregiver needs to respond to signals for care

must be consistently present

allows for development of a secure attachment

predicatability

Prototype of later relationships
child internalizes parent-infant interaction style

determisn quality of later relationships

insecurely attached infant → insecure in peer interactions




Normal attachment behaviours
1. Birth - 30 days → ressponsiveness to mothers face eyes and voice

2. 30 days - 3 months → babbling/social smile

3. 4-6 months → preference for primary caregiver intensifies




Early Development - Attachment & Psychodynamic Theories 3

, 4. 7-9 months → intense focus on primary caregiver, separation distress, stranger
distress, strange-place distress

5. 10-15 months → imitiation of caregiver (inflections, facial Xp), walking

6. 16 months - 2 years → head shaking no, separation anxiety diminishes, object
permanence

7. 25 months - 3 years → can tolerate separations, object consistency achieved,
cooperation with others




Bowlby’s Phases of Attachment
pre-attachment stage:

8-12 weeks

orientation toward the primary caregiver’s movement and voice



attachment in the making

12 weeks - 6 months

attachment to one or more figures



clear-cut attachment

6-24 mo

cry or distress on separation

clinging behaviours



beyond

primary caregiver = independent person, change of relationship




Early Development - Attachment & Psychodynamic Theories 4