Bouwmaterialen
Odisee Aalst – 2022-2023
1
HM Bouwmaterialen 2022-2023
,Inhoudsopgave
1) Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Brandgedrag materialen................................................................................................................ 5
1..1.1. Brandreactie (bouwproduct) ................................................................................................ 5
1.1.2 Brandweerstand (bouwelement) ........................................................................................... 6
2. Beton ................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Visueel: .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Eigenschappen:.............................................................................................................................. 6
2.3 Toepassingen: ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.4 Beton producten ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.5 Behandeltechnieken betonoppervlakte: ....................................................................................... 7
3) Baksteen .............................................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Visueel ........................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Eigenschappen............................................................................................................................... 7
3.3 Toepassingen ................................................................................................................................. 8
4) Kunststenen......................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 Cellenbeton: .................................................................................................................................. 8
A. Visueel: ........................................................................................................................................ 8
B. Eigenschappen: ........................................................................................................................... 8
C. Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Kalkzandsteen:............................................................................................................................... 9
A. Visueel: ........................................................................................................................................ 9
B. Eigenschappen: ........................................................................................................................... 9
C. Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Gipsblokken: ................................................................................................................................ 10
A. Visueel ....................................................................................................................................... 10
B. Eigenschappen........................................................................................................................... 10
C. Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................. 10
5) Natuurstenen: ................................................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Ontginningstechnieken ............................................................................................................... 11
5.2 Oppervlaktebewerkingstechnieken ............................................................................................ 11
5.3 Soorten natuursteen ................................................................................................................... 12
A. Leisteen ..................................................................................................................................... 12
B. Kwartsiet ................................................................................................................................... 12
C. Graniet ....................................................................................................................................... 12
D. Gneis ......................................................................................................................................... 13
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HM Bouwmaterialen 2022-2023
, E. Hardsteen (kalksteen)................................................................................................................ 13
F. Marmer ...................................................................................................................................... 14
G. Zandsteen.................................................................................................................................. 14
5.4 Milieueffecten ............................................................................................................................. 14
6. Kunststoffen ...................................................................................................................................... 15
6.1 Soorten kunststoffen ................................................................................................................... 15
A. Thermoplasten .......................................................................................................................... 15
B. Thermoharders .......................................................................................................................... 16
C. Elastomeren (= synthetische rubbers) ...................................................................................... 17
D. Natuurlijk rubber....................................................................................................................... 17
E. Bioplastics .................................................................................................................................. 18
6.2 Bitumen ....................................................................................................................................... 18
A. Visueel ....................................................................................................................................... 18
B. Eigenschappen........................................................................................................................... 18
C. Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................. 19
7) Isolatie materialen ............................................................................................................................ 19
7.1 Eigenschappen essentieel voor isolatie materiaal ...................................................................... 19
7.2 Onderverdeling............................................................................................................................ 20
7.3 Synthetisch/Petrochemische grondstoffen (kunststoffen) ......................................................... 20
7.3.1 Polyurethaan (PUR) .............................................................................................................. 20
7.3.2 Polyisocyanuraat (PIR) .......................................................................................................... 21
7.3.3 Geëxpandeerd polystyreen (EPS) ......................................................................................... 22
7.3.4 Geëxtrudeerd polystyreen (XPS) .......................................................................................... 23
7.4 Mineralen .................................................................................................................................... 24
7.4.1 Rotswol ................................................................................................................................. 24
7.4.2 Glaswol ................................................................................................................................. 26
7.4.3 Cellenglas.............................................................................................................................. 27
7.5 Bio-gebaseerd (hernieuwbare grondstoffen).............................................................................. 28
7.5.1 Kurk....................................................................................................................................... 28
7.5.2 Hennep ................................................................................................................................. 29
7.5.3 Katoen .................................................................................................................................. 30
7.5.4 Cellulose ............................................................................................................................... 31
7.6 Superisolerende materialen ........................................................................................................ 32
7.6.1 Nanogestructureerde superisolerende materialen.............................................................. 32
7.6.2 Vacuümisolatieplaten (VIP) .................................................................................................. 32
7.7 Producenten ................................................................................................................................ 32
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HM Bouwmaterialen 2022-2023
, 7.7 Samenvattende tabel eigenschappen isolatiematerialen ........................................................... 33
8) Vezelcement .................................................................................................................................. 34
A. Visueel ........................................................................................................................................... 34
B. Eigenschappen .............................................................................................................................. 35
C. Toepassingen ................................................................................................................................. 35
9) Hout ................................................................................................................................................... 36
9.1 Hout ............................................................................................................................................. 36
A. Visueel ....................................................................................................................................... 36
B. Eigenschappen........................................................................................................................... 38
C. Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................. 39
9.2 Plaatmaterialen (houtachtig) ...................................................................................................... 39
9.2.1 Spaanplaat ............................................................................................................................ 39
9.2.2 Mediumdensity fibreboard (MDF) ....................................................................................... 39
9.2.3 Hardboard ............................................................................................................................ 40
9.2.4 Houtwolplaten ...................................................................................................................... 40
9.2.5 Tricoya .................................................................................................................................. 40
9.2.6 Oriented strand board (OSB) ................................................................................................ 41
9.2.7 Multiplex............................................................................................................................... 41
9.2.7 Blokplaat ............................................................................................................................... 41
9.2.8 Volhoutpanelen (SWP) ......................................................................................................... 42
9.2.9 Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) – Laminated strand lumber (LSL) ...................................... 42
9.3 Gemodificeerd hout .................................................................................................................... 42
9.3.1 Tricoya .................................................................................................................................. 42
9.3.2 Thermowood ........................................................................................................................ 43
9.3.3 Finti ....................................................................................................................................... 43
9.3.4 Royal wood ........................................................................................................................... 44
9.3.5 Kenobi ................................................................................................................................... 44
10. Glas .................................................................................................................................................. 44
10.1 Types beglazing ......................................................................................................................... 44
10.2 Types ISOLERENDE beglazing .................................................................................................... 45
11. Milieu-impact .................................................................................................................................. 45
Voorbeeld .......................................................................................................................................... 46
Conclusie: .......................................................................................................................................... 46
4
HM Bouwmaterialen 2022-2023
Odisee Aalst – 2022-2023
1
HM Bouwmaterialen 2022-2023
,Inhoudsopgave
1) Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Brandgedrag materialen................................................................................................................ 5
1..1.1. Brandreactie (bouwproduct) ................................................................................................ 5
1.1.2 Brandweerstand (bouwelement) ........................................................................................... 6
2. Beton ................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Visueel: .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Eigenschappen:.............................................................................................................................. 6
2.3 Toepassingen: ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.4 Beton producten ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.5 Behandeltechnieken betonoppervlakte: ....................................................................................... 7
3) Baksteen .............................................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Visueel ........................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Eigenschappen............................................................................................................................... 7
3.3 Toepassingen ................................................................................................................................. 8
4) Kunststenen......................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 Cellenbeton: .................................................................................................................................. 8
A. Visueel: ........................................................................................................................................ 8
B. Eigenschappen: ........................................................................................................................... 8
C. Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Kalkzandsteen:............................................................................................................................... 9
A. Visueel: ........................................................................................................................................ 9
B. Eigenschappen: ........................................................................................................................... 9
C. Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Gipsblokken: ................................................................................................................................ 10
A. Visueel ....................................................................................................................................... 10
B. Eigenschappen........................................................................................................................... 10
C. Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................. 10
5) Natuurstenen: ................................................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Ontginningstechnieken ............................................................................................................... 11
5.2 Oppervlaktebewerkingstechnieken ............................................................................................ 11
5.3 Soorten natuursteen ................................................................................................................... 12
A. Leisteen ..................................................................................................................................... 12
B. Kwartsiet ................................................................................................................................... 12
C. Graniet ....................................................................................................................................... 12
D. Gneis ......................................................................................................................................... 13
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HM Bouwmaterialen 2022-2023
, E. Hardsteen (kalksteen)................................................................................................................ 13
F. Marmer ...................................................................................................................................... 14
G. Zandsteen.................................................................................................................................. 14
5.4 Milieueffecten ............................................................................................................................. 14
6. Kunststoffen ...................................................................................................................................... 15
6.1 Soorten kunststoffen ................................................................................................................... 15
A. Thermoplasten .......................................................................................................................... 15
B. Thermoharders .......................................................................................................................... 16
C. Elastomeren (= synthetische rubbers) ...................................................................................... 17
D. Natuurlijk rubber....................................................................................................................... 17
E. Bioplastics .................................................................................................................................. 18
6.2 Bitumen ....................................................................................................................................... 18
A. Visueel ....................................................................................................................................... 18
B. Eigenschappen........................................................................................................................... 18
C. Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................. 19
7) Isolatie materialen ............................................................................................................................ 19
7.1 Eigenschappen essentieel voor isolatie materiaal ...................................................................... 19
7.2 Onderverdeling............................................................................................................................ 20
7.3 Synthetisch/Petrochemische grondstoffen (kunststoffen) ......................................................... 20
7.3.1 Polyurethaan (PUR) .............................................................................................................. 20
7.3.2 Polyisocyanuraat (PIR) .......................................................................................................... 21
7.3.3 Geëxpandeerd polystyreen (EPS) ......................................................................................... 22
7.3.4 Geëxtrudeerd polystyreen (XPS) .......................................................................................... 23
7.4 Mineralen .................................................................................................................................... 24
7.4.1 Rotswol ................................................................................................................................. 24
7.4.2 Glaswol ................................................................................................................................. 26
7.4.3 Cellenglas.............................................................................................................................. 27
7.5 Bio-gebaseerd (hernieuwbare grondstoffen).............................................................................. 28
7.5.1 Kurk....................................................................................................................................... 28
7.5.2 Hennep ................................................................................................................................. 29
7.5.3 Katoen .................................................................................................................................. 30
7.5.4 Cellulose ............................................................................................................................... 31
7.6 Superisolerende materialen ........................................................................................................ 32
7.6.1 Nanogestructureerde superisolerende materialen.............................................................. 32
7.6.2 Vacuümisolatieplaten (VIP) .................................................................................................. 32
7.7 Producenten ................................................................................................................................ 32
3
HM Bouwmaterialen 2022-2023
, 7.7 Samenvattende tabel eigenschappen isolatiematerialen ........................................................... 33
8) Vezelcement .................................................................................................................................. 34
A. Visueel ........................................................................................................................................... 34
B. Eigenschappen .............................................................................................................................. 35
C. Toepassingen ................................................................................................................................. 35
9) Hout ................................................................................................................................................... 36
9.1 Hout ............................................................................................................................................. 36
A. Visueel ....................................................................................................................................... 36
B. Eigenschappen........................................................................................................................... 38
C. Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................. 39
9.2 Plaatmaterialen (houtachtig) ...................................................................................................... 39
9.2.1 Spaanplaat ............................................................................................................................ 39
9.2.2 Mediumdensity fibreboard (MDF) ....................................................................................... 39
9.2.3 Hardboard ............................................................................................................................ 40
9.2.4 Houtwolplaten ...................................................................................................................... 40
9.2.5 Tricoya .................................................................................................................................. 40
9.2.6 Oriented strand board (OSB) ................................................................................................ 41
9.2.7 Multiplex............................................................................................................................... 41
9.2.7 Blokplaat ............................................................................................................................... 41
9.2.8 Volhoutpanelen (SWP) ......................................................................................................... 42
9.2.9 Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) – Laminated strand lumber (LSL) ...................................... 42
9.3 Gemodificeerd hout .................................................................................................................... 42
9.3.1 Tricoya .................................................................................................................................. 42
9.3.2 Thermowood ........................................................................................................................ 43
9.3.3 Finti ....................................................................................................................................... 43
9.3.4 Royal wood ........................................................................................................................... 44
9.3.5 Kenobi ................................................................................................................................... 44
10. Glas .................................................................................................................................................. 44
10.1 Types beglazing ......................................................................................................................... 44
10.2 Types ISOLERENDE beglazing .................................................................................................... 45
11. Milieu-impact .................................................................................................................................. 45
Voorbeeld .......................................................................................................................................... 46
Conclusie: .......................................................................................................................................... 46
4
HM Bouwmaterialen 2022-2023
