Lucyjonnes

Atelectasis - Answers-Loss of lung volume due to alveolar collapse Decreased oxygenation V/Q mismatch Resorption (obstruction), Compression (pleural effusion), Contraction (scarring) Barrel Chest - Answers-Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases such as Emphysema, air trapping in the lungs that cannot be exhaled, and increased intra-thoracic pressure al

What are the four radiographic appearances of emphysema? - Answers-Over inflation of lungs, flattened diaphragm, barrel chest, increased retrosternal air space What are the characteristics of asthma? - Answers-Narrowing of airway, excessive secretion of mucus, wheezing as air passes through airways What is the Radiographic Appearance of acute asthma? - Answers-Increased volume, flat diaphragm, increased retrosternal space What is the radiographic appearance of chronic asthma? - Answers-...

lower respiratory infection: aspiration pneumonia - Answers-aspiration of gastric contents into lower respiratory tract • chemical lower respiratory infection: pulmonary tuberculosis - Answers-• caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis • may also affect other areas of the body such as skeletal, genitourinary, and central nervous system • usually asymptematic • coin-like lesions seen in the apical region COPD - Answers-most common forms are chronic bronchitis and emphysema • ir...

What is the differentiation between Lung qi deficiency and Spleen qi deficiency? - Answers-Spleen qi deficiency has abdominal deficiency symptoms: poor appetite, loose stool, bloating... What is the differentiation between Lung qi deficiency and Heart qi deficiency? - Answers-Heart qi deficiency has palpitation, shortness of breath, insomnia... What is the differentiation between Lung qi deficiency and Kidney qi deficiency? - Answers-Kidney qi deficiency has low back pain, urinary dysfunc...

Characteristics of Oat Cell Cancer Cells - Answers-Small Cytoplasm, Multiple Nuclei, Multiple and large Nucleoli, Course Chromatin Risk Factors of Lung Cancer - Answers-Tobacco Use (90%), Occupational & Environmental Exposures, Genetic Predisposition,Gender, Dietary Factors, COPD, Air polllution Cell types of Non-Small Cell Carcinoma - Answers-Adenocarcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Large Cell Carcinoma Pancoast's Tumor AKA - Answers-Superior Sulcus Tumor AKA Characteristics of Squ...

Sleep apnea - Answers-a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long-enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels Snoring - Answers-which can be a symptom of sleep apnea, is noisy breathing caused by vibration of the soft palate Expectoration - Answers-is the act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluid Hemoptysis - Answers-is the expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum derived ...

what is the mechanism of alveolar destruction in emphysema ? -Answers- Irritants, like cigarette smoke, activate neutrophils/macrophages release cytokines, as well as proteases, like elastases and collagenases. These proteases break down key structural proteins in the connective tissue such as collagen and elastin This makes the airway walls weak and causes them to collapse during exhalation This leads to air-trapping because the collapsed airway traps a tiny bit of air distal to the point of...

Albuterol inhalation aerosol is used to treat wheezing, shortness of breath, and troubled breathing by asthma. It is delivered via oral inhalation - Answers-bronchodilators 50-year-old man dies of a respiratory illness that had been characterized by dyspnea, cough, and wheezing expiration of many years' duration. Initially episodic, his "attacks" had increased in frequency and at the time of death had become continuous and intractable. At autopsy, which of the following is the most likely ...

Asthma Causes - Answers-Exact causes unknown but have been suggested to include interactions between genetic and environmental factors Asthma Symptoms - Answers-Chest tightness or pain, trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breathe coughing or wheezing, a whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling (wheezing is a common sign of asthma in children), coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus such as a cold or flu Asthma Treatments - Answers-Steroids or other anti-...

T/F: Centriacinar emphysema is located in the lower lung and panacinar emphysema is located in upper lobe regions of lung. - Answers-False, it is the opposite, Centriacinar - upper; Panaciner - lower What is the theory proposed for the pathogenesis of emphysema? - Answers-Excess of the enzyme lysosomal elastase is released from neutrophils in the lung. This results in the destruction of elastin and type IV collagen that are both important molecules for the integrity of lung tissue. T/F: In...

1. What is the clinical picture (ie patterns, and signs and symptoms, including different severities)? How might you pick it up in clinic? - Answers--sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, light head, fainting, palpiation, irregular heart beat, coughin and sometimes with blood, irregular sweating. It's important to note the SUDDEN onset in clinical features. 1. What is pulmonary hypertension? be able to describe signs symptoms, causes, effects and complications. - Answers--incre...

Which is more common? - Answers-Glottic Carcinoma Glottic Carcinoma What are the two forms of atelectasis neonatorum? - Answers-Primary = failure of initial aeration of lungs Secondary = collapse of previously aerated lungs Acute diffuse alveolar damage involves necrosis of which cells? What is the recovery process like for this? - Answers-Type I pneumocytes Hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes and interstitial fibrosis True or false: ARDS is associated with severe hypoxem...

What is the etiology of cardiac pulmonary edema - Answers-L ventricle is unable to pump blood adequately (like in L side heart failure) > pressure increases inside L atrium > then in pulmonary veins/capillaries > fluid pushed through capillary walls into alveoli What is the etiology of non-cardiac pulmonary edema - Answers-luid leaks through capillaries w/in alveoli due to increase permeability - results from pnemonia, toxins, medications, smoke inhalation, respiratory ditress syndro...

What types of Bronchogenic Carcinoma are there? - Answers-Non-small cell (accounting for 80% of lung cancers) like Squamous Carcinoma (most common; typically in major central bronchi), Adenocarcinoma (usually arising in periphery of lung), and Bronchiolar Carcinoma (aka:alveolar; least common). Small Cell - Oat cell carcinoma How does bronchogenic Carcinoma show radiographically? - Answers-Produces a broad spectrum of radiographic abnormalities that depend on the site of the tumor and its rel...

* central areas of hemorrhage, necrosis or cavitation. -Cavitation results from central necrosis and is seen in about 10% of all cases. -SCC is the lung cancer that is MOST LIKELY TO CAVITATE. -Because of location near the hilum, cavitary lesion may break through an adjacent wall of a bronchus. -Such an event may result in large amounts of blood filling the bronchus. -This is potentially lethal wherein the cause of death is generally from aspiration and not exsanquination. Lung C...

What is involved in Cushing's Syndrome? - Answers-increased ACTH, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, moon face, buffalo hump, weight gain, sweating, striations on the skin, telangiectasia, baldness, insomnia Patients who have adenocarcinoma with mutations in the EGFR gene respond to what treatment? - Answers-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (Gefitinib and Erlotinib) (and they respond to pemetrexed) In what patients is Bevacizumab contraindicated? - Answers-Squamous cell carcinoma patients Causes...

Top-Down News - Answers--news topics made by and flows from high-level public officials to an audience whose citizen -journalists believe the high-level officials had the better news and gave less attention to the citizens Reactivity - Answers-covering already available stories Peg - Answers-usable news can be hung and that helps journalists choose between numerous alternative stories usually available to them (primary peg: date) Proxies - Answers-represents larger, other more complica...

Know the power tactics and which ones are most effective for whom. - Answers-power tactics are ways that people can influence others. Legitimacy: relying on authority position, saying that a request accords with organizational policies. Rational Persuasion: present logical/factual evidence to demonstrate request reasonable. Inspirational Appeals: d

Why Power is Important In Politics? - Answers-1- Organizations are highly political and power is the name of the game. Power and politics must be recognised as an important dynamic in organizational behaviour 2- Power is obviously associated with Authority and Influence ' Influence' is used in describing power. Power is also defined as 'Informal A