War within the states - ANSWER Wars within the states around the 1860s dealt with
argument of Southern states becoming slave states or free states. Most of these border
states had a large amount of people who preferred not to secede because: they had little to
no participation in slavery, or it was simply not worth seceding for. For example, in 1863
Virginia and West Virginia split because West Virginia had little slavery. Also, seen in the
book Victims, was the rise of differences in the people in the Appalachian Mountains urban
areas vs. the slave owners in villages and towns which created a divide and increased
tensions within the southern states. The significance of these wars within the states dealt
with disunity in the Confederate states and the lack of support for the war population wise
on the Confederate side, both of which ultimately led to their demise in losing the war.
Nat Turner - ANSWER Nat Turner was an enslaved preacher who led a slave revolt in
Southampton Virginia, in 1831. He and other rebel slaves banded together to execute
around sixty white men, women, and children. It was the bloodiest slave revolt in Virginia,
and it created tensions that pressured slaveholders. This rebellion prompted state
legislatures to pass laws prohibiting education to enslaved and free blacks, and it also
prohibited black movement and assembly. It ultimately increased pro slavery sentiment, and
the ceasing of public debate over slavery throughout the South.
Virtue - ANSWER In the 1760s and 1770s elite languages of protest against the British
were in the form of republicanism. These beliefs were obtained where the people should be
sovereign, suspicious of dictators, by the people. Virtuous conduct fell into this belief
because it had to do with control and control over oneself. Virtue was needed so one would
do morally right in choosing a leader, and would be able to refuse such tyrannical leaders
from being able to buy one's virtues from them. Many Republicans believed that only ethical
and virtuous people should participate in government to preclude the common downfalls of
other republics (corruption, debt, greed, addiction, etc.) Thus, they believed that common
people were not virtuous enough, and did not trust them to govern themselves, leading to
the idea of public representatives. This belief led to the first forms of government that the
U.S. used, and how the electoral college still acts today.
1
, Confederate Constitution - ANSWER From March 11, 1861 to May 9, 1865, this
document was the supreme law of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War.
This document was almost word for word a duplicate of the United States Constitution for
most articles, but there were several crucial differences in tone and diction in regard to
people's rights and slavery. It's significance in the Confederacy was it created a legitimate
pro-slavery republic, and it guaranteed slavery in southern territories and wherever the
confederacy expands
Shay's Rebellion - ANSWER Daniel Shay was a farmer who had borrowed money to
increase his farm during the revolution against Great Britain. He was in debt and had two
options by the time the Treaty of Paris was signed: auction the land or go to debtors' prison.
Since the treaty stated that debts had to be paid immediately, Shay led farmers in 1786 to
rebel against the government and those taking away their farms. They were crushed by the
army, which proved how terrible times had gotten economically. However, after the
rebellion, Massachusetts' people voted for John Hancock and other diverse leaders to
provide some relief. This rebellion alarmed politicians throughout the nation, though it
never really threatened the nation's stability. The rebellion prompted revision of the Articles
of Confederation and deep social changes to take place.
Hillsborough Paint - ANSWER In the early 1700s, Hillsborough Paint was named after a
disliked colonial official, and it was a nickname for raw sewage that would be thrown against
buildings as a form of mob action. People would splash it against stores and elites' houses
who didn't boycott English goods. This also occurred in the Boston Massacre, as a boy was
killed for doing this particular mob action. Hillsborough paint especially proves the increase
tension between the English and the Colonists of the time, which ultimately led to the
revolution.
Sons of Liberty - ANSWER In 1765, the Sons of liberty fused the revolution,
revolutionary crowds, and elite republicanism together. These were mostly people from the
middle rungs of society, who helped bridge the gap between the rich and poor. For example,
Samuel Adams and Paul Revere were middle class men who actually took action unlike
people like Thomas Paine. They promoted street violence against specific targets and things
such as the Stamp and Sugar Acts. This street violence usually got out of hand with
grievances on both sides of dispute, but action was taken nonetheless. For example, In
Boston, their treatment of local stamp distributor Andrew Oliver. They burned his effigy in
the streets. When he did not resign, they escalated to burning down his office building. Even
after he resigned, they almost destroyed the whole house of his close associate Lieutenant
2
argument of Southern states becoming slave states or free states. Most of these border
states had a large amount of people who preferred not to secede because: they had little to
no participation in slavery, or it was simply not worth seceding for. For example, in 1863
Virginia and West Virginia split because West Virginia had little slavery. Also, seen in the
book Victims, was the rise of differences in the people in the Appalachian Mountains urban
areas vs. the slave owners in villages and towns which created a divide and increased
tensions within the southern states. The significance of these wars within the states dealt
with disunity in the Confederate states and the lack of support for the war population wise
on the Confederate side, both of which ultimately led to their demise in losing the war.
Nat Turner - ANSWER Nat Turner was an enslaved preacher who led a slave revolt in
Southampton Virginia, in 1831. He and other rebel slaves banded together to execute
around sixty white men, women, and children. It was the bloodiest slave revolt in Virginia,
and it created tensions that pressured slaveholders. This rebellion prompted state
legislatures to pass laws prohibiting education to enslaved and free blacks, and it also
prohibited black movement and assembly. It ultimately increased pro slavery sentiment, and
the ceasing of public debate over slavery throughout the South.
Virtue - ANSWER In the 1760s and 1770s elite languages of protest against the British
were in the form of republicanism. These beliefs were obtained where the people should be
sovereign, suspicious of dictators, by the people. Virtuous conduct fell into this belief
because it had to do with control and control over oneself. Virtue was needed so one would
do morally right in choosing a leader, and would be able to refuse such tyrannical leaders
from being able to buy one's virtues from them. Many Republicans believed that only ethical
and virtuous people should participate in government to preclude the common downfalls of
other republics (corruption, debt, greed, addiction, etc.) Thus, they believed that common
people were not virtuous enough, and did not trust them to govern themselves, leading to
the idea of public representatives. This belief led to the first forms of government that the
U.S. used, and how the electoral college still acts today.
1
, Confederate Constitution - ANSWER From March 11, 1861 to May 9, 1865, this
document was the supreme law of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War.
This document was almost word for word a duplicate of the United States Constitution for
most articles, but there were several crucial differences in tone and diction in regard to
people's rights and slavery. It's significance in the Confederacy was it created a legitimate
pro-slavery republic, and it guaranteed slavery in southern territories and wherever the
confederacy expands
Shay's Rebellion - ANSWER Daniel Shay was a farmer who had borrowed money to
increase his farm during the revolution against Great Britain. He was in debt and had two
options by the time the Treaty of Paris was signed: auction the land or go to debtors' prison.
Since the treaty stated that debts had to be paid immediately, Shay led farmers in 1786 to
rebel against the government and those taking away their farms. They were crushed by the
army, which proved how terrible times had gotten economically. However, after the
rebellion, Massachusetts' people voted for John Hancock and other diverse leaders to
provide some relief. This rebellion alarmed politicians throughout the nation, though it
never really threatened the nation's stability. The rebellion prompted revision of the Articles
of Confederation and deep social changes to take place.
Hillsborough Paint - ANSWER In the early 1700s, Hillsborough Paint was named after a
disliked colonial official, and it was a nickname for raw sewage that would be thrown against
buildings as a form of mob action. People would splash it against stores and elites' houses
who didn't boycott English goods. This also occurred in the Boston Massacre, as a boy was
killed for doing this particular mob action. Hillsborough paint especially proves the increase
tension between the English and the Colonists of the time, which ultimately led to the
revolution.
Sons of Liberty - ANSWER In 1765, the Sons of liberty fused the revolution,
revolutionary crowds, and elite republicanism together. These were mostly people from the
middle rungs of society, who helped bridge the gap between the rich and poor. For example,
Samuel Adams and Paul Revere were middle class men who actually took action unlike
people like Thomas Paine. They promoted street violence against specific targets and things
such as the Stamp and Sugar Acts. This street violence usually got out of hand with
grievances on both sides of dispute, but action was taken nonetheless. For example, In
Boston, their treatment of local stamp distributor Andrew Oliver. They burned his effigy in
the streets. When he did not resign, they escalated to burning down his office building. Even
after he resigned, they almost destroyed the whole house of his close associate Lieutenant
2
