Anatomy And Physiology Ii; "The Endocrine System" Questions And Correct Answers

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II; "THE
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM" QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
TheA2EndocrineA2SystemA2-A2Ans--
composedA2ofA2aA2groupA2ofA2organsA2andA2ductlessA2glandsA2thatA2produceA2hormones.

hormonesA2-A2Ans--
chemicalA2"messengers"A2ofA2theA2endocrineA2systemA2thatA2areA2releasedA2intoA2theA2bl
ood

EndocrineA2SystemA2FunctionsA2-A2Ans--
growth,A2reproduction,A2metabolism,A2behavior,A2andA2water-electrolyte-
nutrientA2balance.

EndocrineA2SystemA2RegulatesA2-A2Ans--GrowthA2HormoneA2-A2GH
ThyroxineA2(T4)A2&A2Triiodothyronine(T3)
Follicle-StimulationA2HormoneA2(FSH)A2&A2LuteinizingA2Hormone(LH)
Melatonin
Aldosterone,A2AntidiureticA2Hormone,A2Insulin,A2Glucagon,A2CalcitoninA2&A2ParathyroidA2
Hormone

2A2categoriesA2ofA2chemicallyA2hormonesA2-A2Ans--ProteinA2HormonesA2-A2amino-
acidsA2compounds
SteroidA2HormonesA2-A2lipid-moleculesA2fromA2cholesterol

NegativeA2FeedbackA2-A2Ans--
mostA2commonA2mechanismA2forA2theA2regulationA2forA2theA2releaseA2ofA2hormones.A2<ris
ingA2levelA2ofA2aA2hormoneA2orA2theA2actionA2ofA2theA2targetA2tissuesA2inhibitsA2furtherA2rel
easeA2ofA2theA2hormone.

SourcesA2thatA2ControlA2HormoneA2LevelsA2-A2Ans--NeuralA2ControlA2-A2
HormonalA2ControlA2-
HumoralA2ControlA2-

NeuralA2ControlA2-A2Ans--
releaseA2ofA2someA2hormonesA2directlyA2controlledA2byA2theA2nervousA2system

HormonalA2ControlA2-A2Ans--
hormonesA2fromA2oneA2glandA2causeA2theA2releaseA2ofA2hormonesA2fromA2anotherA2gland

, HumoralA2ControlA2-A2Ans--
aA2changeA2inA2theA2bloodA2levelA2ofA2aA2hormoneA2nutrient,A2orA2mineralA2ionA2releasesA2
hormones

Commander-In-ChiefA2-A2Ans--HypothalamusA2-
A2itA2controlsA2theA2pituitaryA2glandA2andA2thereforeA2mostA2ofA2theA2endocrineA2system


InfundibulumA2-A2Ans--
AA2stalkA2thatA2attachesA2theA2pituitaryA2glandA2toA2theA2hypothalamus.

LobesA2ofA2PituitaryA2GlandA2-A2Ans--
MechanismsA2ofA2controlA2byA2theA2hypothalamusA2forA2theA2releaseA2ofA2hormonesA2fro
mA2theA2pituitaryA2gland

2A2LobesA2ControlA2-A2Ans--
AnteriorA2LobeA2ofA2theA2PituitaryA2GlandA2isA2controlledA2Hormonally
PosteriorA2LobeA2ofA2theA2PituitaryA2GlandA2isA2toA2controlledA2byA2NerveA2Impulses

HormonesA2ControlledA2byA2theA2PituitaryA2GlandsA2-A2Ans--AdrenocorticotropicA2-
A2ACTHA2-A2(AdrenalA2Cortex)A2
ThyroidA2StimulatingA2Hormone-A2TSHA2-A2(ThyroidA2Gland)A2
GrowthA2Hormone-A2GHA2-A2(allA2cells;A2mainlyA2musclesA2&A2bone)A2
Prolactin-A2PRL-A2(mammaryA2glandsA2(milkA2production)
FollicleA2StimulationA2Hormone-A2FSH-A2(testesA2-A2ovaries)
LuteinizingA2HormoneA2-A2LH-A2(testesA2-A2ovaries)A2
Melanocyte-A2MSH-A2(skinA2toA2releaseA2melanin)

ThyroidA2GlandA2LocationA2-A2Ans--
inferiorA2toA2theA2larynxA2andA2anteriorA2toA2theA2tracheaA2-
A2inA2throatA2belowA2Adam'sA2appleA2,A2isA2aA2bi-
lobedA2butterflyA2shapedA2glandA2locatedA2inA2theA2frontA2andA2sidesA2ofA2theA2tracheaA2b
elowA2theA2larynx

HormonesA2secretedA2byA2theA2thyroidA2glandA2-A2Ans--ThyroxineA2(T4)A2-
regulatesA2cellularA2metabolism
A2TriiodothyronineA2(T3)A2-A2regulatesA2cellularA2metabolism
A2CalcitoninA2-A2lowersA2bloodA2calciumA2level


HypothyroidismA2-A2Ans--
lowA2levelsA2ofA2T3A2&A2T4A2hormones;A2causesA2mentalA2andA2physicalA2sluggishness,A2f
eelingA2cold,A2dryA2hairA2andA2skin;A2facialA2swellingA2-A2GoiterA2-
A2enlargedA2ThyroidA2Gland


HashimotoA2ThyroiditisA2-A2Ans--TheA2mostA2commonA2causeA2ofA2hypothyroidism.