PCB 3134 Cell Structure Exam 4- Scott Stagg Part 2:
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Terms in this set (251)
What is the absorption maximum Around 260 nm.
wavelength for DNA?
What happens to DNA The absorbance increases rapidly.
absorbance as the strands
separate?
What is the DNA melting The temperature at which half of the absorbance change is
temperature (Tm)? reached.
What does the value of Tm It reflects how tightly the DNA double helix is held together.
indicate?
What factor increases the Increasing GC content, due to three hydrogen bonds and
melting temperature (Tm) of stronger stacking forces.
DNA?
Why do mismatches in DNA Mismatches disrupt base pairing and weaken the overall stability
sequences lower the melting of the DNA structure.
temperature (Tm)?
Base stacking involves interactions between adjacent aromatic
What is base stacking in DNA?
rings through hydrophobic and van der Waals forces.
A set of procedures for identifying nucleic acids based on
What is nucleic acid
sequences that bind to each other, forming DNA-DNA, DNA-
hybridization?
RNA, or RNA-RNA hybrids.
It is incubated with a purified single-stranded DNA probe that
How is denatured DNA used in
has a complementary sequence to the target sequence being
nucleic acid hybridization?
detected.
What technique utilizes nucleic Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
acid hybridization for detection?
A technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA
What is Fluorescence In Situ
sequences on chromosomes, cells, or tissues using fluorescently
Hybridization (FISH)?
labeled probes.
FISH can identify chromosomal abnormalities, detect gene
What are some applications of
amplifications, determine chromosome number in diagnostics,
FISH?
and locate viral or microbial genes in host cells.
What chromosomal abnormality FISH can detect deletions in the DMD gene.
can FISH detect in Duchenne
muscular dystrophy (DMD)?
How does FISH visualize FISH uses small fluorescent DNA probes that can 'paint' and
chromosomes? identify individual chromosomes.
, What is the most common type A single circular chromosome is most common in bacteria.
of chromosome found in
bacteria?
Where is bacterial DNA Bacterial DNA is localized to a region called the nucleoid.
localized within the cell?
What is the structure of bacterial Bacterial DNA is negatively supercoiled and folded into loops.
DNA?
What role do RNAs and proteins They hold the loops of bacterial DNA in place.
play in bacterial DNA structure?
What happens to bacterial DNA Ribonuclease degrades RNA and releases some of the loops.
loops when treated with
ribonuclease?
How does topoisomerase affect Nicking with a topoisomerase relaxes the supercoils without
bacterial DNA? affecting the loops.
Small, usually circular DNA molecules that may contain genes for
What are bacterial plasmids?
their own replication and cellular functions.
How do plasmids replicate in Plasmids replicate autonomously, but their replication is
relation to bacterial somewhat synchronous with the chromosome.
chromosomes?
How is DNA packaged in In eukaryotes, DNA interacts with proteins to form chromatin,
eukaryotic cells? which condenses into chromosomes during cell division.
What happens to chromatin at Chromatin fibers condense into a more compact structure known
the time of cell division? as chromosomes.
What is the significance of sister Sister chromatids are the duplicated chromosomes that are
chromatids? joined together before cell division.
Histones are a group of small basic proteins with high lysine and
What are histones?
arginine content.
How do histones interact with Negatively charged DNA binds stably to positively charged
DNA? histones.
What is the mass relationship The mass of histones in a chromosome is approximately equal to
between histones and DNA in a the mass of the DNA.
chromosome?
What are the five main types of H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.
histones?
Which histone is present in H1.
about half the amount
compared to the others?
What role do nonhistone Nonhistone proteins play a variety of roles in chromatin structure
proteins play in chromatin? and function.
A nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin structure, consisting
What is a nucleosome?
of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer.
What did X-ray diffraction Chromatin has a repeating structural subunit not seen in DNA or
studies reveal about chromatin? histones alone.
How do chromatin fibers appear They appear as a series of tiny particles attached by thin
when isolated from cells? filaments, described as 'beads-on-a-string'.
What is contained in a histone A histone octamer contains two H2A-H2B dimers and two H3-H4
octamer? dimers.
What is the core particle of a The core particle consists of the histone octamer plus 146 base
nucleosome? pairs of DNA.
Linker DNA is the extra DNA from the original 200 base pairs that
What is linker DNA?
is not part of the core particle.
Questions With Valid Solutions
Save
Students also studied
INBDE Orthodontics NBDE II Review - Prosthodontics Perio Study
201 terms 69 terms Teacher 78 terms
dong_lee82 Preview melissa_jarvis7 Preview Hunter_Charters
Terms in this set (251)
What is the absorption maximum Around 260 nm.
wavelength for DNA?
What happens to DNA The absorbance increases rapidly.
absorbance as the strands
separate?
What is the DNA melting The temperature at which half of the absorbance change is
temperature (Tm)? reached.
What does the value of Tm It reflects how tightly the DNA double helix is held together.
indicate?
What factor increases the Increasing GC content, due to three hydrogen bonds and
melting temperature (Tm) of stronger stacking forces.
DNA?
Why do mismatches in DNA Mismatches disrupt base pairing and weaken the overall stability
sequences lower the melting of the DNA structure.
temperature (Tm)?
Base stacking involves interactions between adjacent aromatic
What is base stacking in DNA?
rings through hydrophobic and van der Waals forces.
A set of procedures for identifying nucleic acids based on
What is nucleic acid
sequences that bind to each other, forming DNA-DNA, DNA-
hybridization?
RNA, or RNA-RNA hybrids.
It is incubated with a purified single-stranded DNA probe that
How is denatured DNA used in
has a complementary sequence to the target sequence being
nucleic acid hybridization?
detected.
What technique utilizes nucleic Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
acid hybridization for detection?
A technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA
What is Fluorescence In Situ
sequences on chromosomes, cells, or tissues using fluorescently
Hybridization (FISH)?
labeled probes.
FISH can identify chromosomal abnormalities, detect gene
What are some applications of
amplifications, determine chromosome number in diagnostics,
FISH?
and locate viral or microbial genes in host cells.
What chromosomal abnormality FISH can detect deletions in the DMD gene.
can FISH detect in Duchenne
muscular dystrophy (DMD)?
How does FISH visualize FISH uses small fluorescent DNA probes that can 'paint' and
chromosomes? identify individual chromosomes.
, What is the most common type A single circular chromosome is most common in bacteria.
of chromosome found in
bacteria?
Where is bacterial DNA Bacterial DNA is localized to a region called the nucleoid.
localized within the cell?
What is the structure of bacterial Bacterial DNA is negatively supercoiled and folded into loops.
DNA?
What role do RNAs and proteins They hold the loops of bacterial DNA in place.
play in bacterial DNA structure?
What happens to bacterial DNA Ribonuclease degrades RNA and releases some of the loops.
loops when treated with
ribonuclease?
How does topoisomerase affect Nicking with a topoisomerase relaxes the supercoils without
bacterial DNA? affecting the loops.
Small, usually circular DNA molecules that may contain genes for
What are bacterial plasmids?
their own replication and cellular functions.
How do plasmids replicate in Plasmids replicate autonomously, but their replication is
relation to bacterial somewhat synchronous with the chromosome.
chromosomes?
How is DNA packaged in In eukaryotes, DNA interacts with proteins to form chromatin,
eukaryotic cells? which condenses into chromosomes during cell division.
What happens to chromatin at Chromatin fibers condense into a more compact structure known
the time of cell division? as chromosomes.
What is the significance of sister Sister chromatids are the duplicated chromosomes that are
chromatids? joined together before cell division.
Histones are a group of small basic proteins with high lysine and
What are histones?
arginine content.
How do histones interact with Negatively charged DNA binds stably to positively charged
DNA? histones.
What is the mass relationship The mass of histones in a chromosome is approximately equal to
between histones and DNA in a the mass of the DNA.
chromosome?
What are the five main types of H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.
histones?
Which histone is present in H1.
about half the amount
compared to the others?
What role do nonhistone Nonhistone proteins play a variety of roles in chromatin structure
proteins play in chromatin? and function.
A nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin structure, consisting
What is a nucleosome?
of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer.
What did X-ray diffraction Chromatin has a repeating structural subunit not seen in DNA or
studies reveal about chromatin? histones alone.
How do chromatin fibers appear They appear as a series of tiny particles attached by thin
when isolated from cells? filaments, described as 'beads-on-a-string'.
What is contained in a histone A histone octamer contains two H2A-H2B dimers and two H3-H4
octamer? dimers.
What is the core particle of a The core particle consists of the histone octamer plus 146 base
nucleosome? pairs of DNA.
Linker DNA is the extra DNA from the original 200 base pairs that
What is linker DNA?
is not part of the core particle.
