6551 - Midterm.docx 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

1. How can liver and renal diseases result in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? 2. What is now thought to be the most important causative agent in cervical cancer? 3. An initial or primary genital herpes infection characteristically lasts about: 4. Which contraceptive methods have inherent failure rates? 5. Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? 6. Exercise-induced amenorrhea is probably due to the combination of low body fat and decreased secretion of: 7. What can result from an imbalance in the vaginal flora? 8. The most effective means of obtaining the history of abuse is to use a communication model that: 9. What is the most common STI in the United States? 10. Progestin-only pills (POPs): 11. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the presence of a disease state: 12. Which of the following might be a sign of hyperandrogenism? 13. Surgical abortion represents an option for women who desire termination of pregnancy beyond: 14. How can weight loss specifically control symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? 15. Why is acknowledging the oppression of women more difficult within Western societies? 16. How does vaginosis differ from vaginitis? 17. What area of injury prevention is a focus of the USPSTF’s guidelines for counseling all healthy, asymptomatic women? 18. What approach does Healthy People 2020 use to achieve its goals and objectives? 19. Approximately what percentage of women with bacterial vaginosis are asymptomatic? 20. The genetic counselor has a significant role in the care of women because BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic mutations account for 5 to 10 percent of all _______ cancer cases. 21. Which organism causes 90% of vulvovaginal candidiasis episodes in women? 22. What term refers to the period from about 7 to 10 days before menstrual flow begins until the first or second day of menstrual flow? 23. The ParaGard IUD is impregnated with copper and is effective for: 24. What is the danger of giving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to menopausal women with an intact uterus? 25. Although barrier contraception methods are less effective in preventing pregnancy than more modern methods, interest in them is on the rise because they: 26. A risk factor that could lead to endometrial cancer is: 27. Of the two intrauterine contraceptive devices currently available in the United States only one provides a local delivery of protestin. It is the: 28. Approximately what percentage of vulvar cancers occur in women older than the age of 50? 29. What is the best definition of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? 30. The most common benign breast masses are: 31. Which cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological cancers? 32. Vulvovaginal candidiasis accounts for what percentage of all vaginal infections? 33. Which type of counseling results in a statistically significant reduction in STIs? 34. Which of the following is an ethical issue that is specifically associated with pre-implantation testing with ART? 35. What symptom is present in 80 to 90 percent of women with cervical cancer? 36. If a patient has not reported a sexual assault to law enforcement, all of the following clinician actions are important except: 37. What test should be ordered for a woman who is experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) as well as headaches and peripheral vision changes? 38. What had been a significant problem in medical research well into the 1990s? 39. What is the definitive diagnostic technique for vulvar dermatoses? 40. Where in the breast do most malignancies develop? 41. Approximately how many Americans will contract one or more sexually transmitted infections during their lifetime? 42. In the GTPAL system for recording pregnancy history, the “T” stands for: 43. Both very young and elderly sexual assault victims: 44. What is one of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives? 45. Tubal sterilization for women who have completed their families is highly effective, but there are disadvantages such as: 46. What is the current (2006) recommendation by the CDC regarding HIV testing? 47. What is generally the cause of Bartholin’s cyst? 48. Which of the following factors associated with increased risk for developing osteoporosis appears to be the best predictor of risk? 49. What is the definition of primary amenorrhea? 50. In respect to an evidentiary examination: