HESI EXIT EXAM MODULE 5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. WITH RATIONALE

A client with leukemia is being considered for a bone marrow transplant. The healthcare team is discussing the risks and benefits of this treatment and other possible treatments with the goal of inflicting the least possible harm on the client. Which principle of healthcare ethics is the team practicing? 
 A Justice B Fidelity C Autonomy D Nonmaleficence Correct 


Rationale: Nonmaleficence is the avoidance of hurt or harm. Remember that in healthcare ethics, ethical practice involves not only the will to do good but also the equal commitment to do no harm. Healthcare professionals try to balance the risks and benefits of a plan of care while striving to do the least possible harm. Justice refers to fairness and equity and ensuring fair allocation of resources, such as nursing care for all clients. Fidelity is the keeping of promises made to clients, families, and other healthcare professionals. Autonomy refers to a person’s independence and represents an agreement to respect another’s right to determine his or her course of action. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject - the ethical principle being utilized. Recall the definition of each item in the options. Note the relationship of the words “least possible harm” in the question and the definition of nonmaleficence. Review: principles of healthcare ethics. Reference: Potter, P., & Perry, A. (2009). Fundamentals of nursing (7th ed., p. 314). St. Louis: Mosby. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation Content Area: Ethical/Legal Giddens Concepts: Celluar Regulation, Ethics HESI Concepts: Advocacy/Ethical/Legal Issues, Cellular Regulation Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 




 2.
ID: 7
Which action by the nurse represents the ethical principle of beneficence? 
 A The nurse upholds a client’s decision to refuse chemotherapy for lung cancer. B The nurse follows a plan of care designed to relieve pain in a client with cancer. C The nurse administers an immunization to a child even though it may cause discomfort. Correct D The nurse provides equal amounts of care to all assigned clients on the basis of illness acuity. 


Rationale: Beneficence is taking action to help others. Although administration of a child’s immunization might cause discomfort, the benefits of protection from disease outweigh the temporary discomfort. Fidelity is keeping promises made to clients, families, and other healthcare professionals. Autonomy is a person’s independence. Respecting another’s autonomy means that you are agreeing to respect that person’s right to determine his or her course of action. Justice refers to fairness and equity, including fair allocation of resources, such as nursing care for all clients. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, beneficence. Recalling that beneficence refers to taking action to help others will direct you to the correct option. Review: the principles of healthcare ethics . Reference: Potter, P., & Perry, A. (2009). Fundamentals of nursing (7th ed., p. 314). St. Louis: Mosby. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation Content Area: Ethical/Legal Giddens Concepts: Ethics, Immunity HESI Concepts: Advocacy/Ethical/Legal Issues, Immunity Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.