EGAN’S FUNDAMENTALS OF RESPIRATORY
CARE COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
◉ exchange of gases between blood and tissues at the cellular level
Answer: internal respiration
◉ What three distinct germinal tissue layers make up the embryo?
Answer: endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
◉ Which portion of the airways are conducting airways only (do not
participate in gas exchange)? Answer: terminal bronchioles
◉ At how many weeks gestation does pulmonary surfactant start
being produced? Answer: 24-25 weeks
◉ What is the normal L/S ratio? Answer: 2:1 or higher
◉ An L/S ratio less than 1.5 indicates risk of? Answer: RDS
◉ What is oligohydramnios? Answer: low amounts of amniotic fluid
formation
, ◉ What are hypoplastic lungs? Answer: lungs that are not
completely developed and inflated
◉ In a newborn, where does the glottis lie? Answer: Between C3-C4
◉ Name some accessory muscles of breathing (inspiratory) Answer:
scalene, sternocleidomastoid, diaphragm, external intercostals,
trapezius, pectoralis minor, pectoralis major
◉ Name some accessory muscles of breathing (expiratory) Answer:
internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse
abdominis, rectus abdominus, serratus anterior, serratus-posterior
superior, serratus-posterior inferior, latissimus dorsi
◉ What is the costophrenic angle? Answer: the angle where the
costal parietal pleura joins the diaphragmatic parietal pleura
◉ How many lobes are in the right lung? Answer: 3
◉ How many lobes are in the left lung? Answer: 2
◉ What are the phrenic (C3-C5) nerves associated with? Answer:
diaphragm movement
CARE COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
◉ exchange of gases between blood and tissues at the cellular level
Answer: internal respiration
◉ What three distinct germinal tissue layers make up the embryo?
Answer: endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
◉ Which portion of the airways are conducting airways only (do not
participate in gas exchange)? Answer: terminal bronchioles
◉ At how many weeks gestation does pulmonary surfactant start
being produced? Answer: 24-25 weeks
◉ What is the normal L/S ratio? Answer: 2:1 or higher
◉ An L/S ratio less than 1.5 indicates risk of? Answer: RDS
◉ What is oligohydramnios? Answer: low amounts of amniotic fluid
formation
, ◉ What are hypoplastic lungs? Answer: lungs that are not
completely developed and inflated
◉ In a newborn, where does the glottis lie? Answer: Between C3-C4
◉ Name some accessory muscles of breathing (inspiratory) Answer:
scalene, sternocleidomastoid, diaphragm, external intercostals,
trapezius, pectoralis minor, pectoralis major
◉ Name some accessory muscles of breathing (expiratory) Answer:
internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse
abdominis, rectus abdominus, serratus anterior, serratus-posterior
superior, serratus-posterior inferior, latissimus dorsi
◉ What is the costophrenic angle? Answer: the angle where the
costal parietal pleura joins the diaphragmatic parietal pleura
◉ How many lobes are in the right lung? Answer: 3
◉ How many lobes are in the left lung? Answer: 2
◉ What are the phrenic (C3-C5) nerves associated with? Answer:
diaphragm movement
