FNDH 400 Exam 3 Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2025/2026

FNDH 400 Exam 3 Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2025/2026 Which out of these are antioxidants Vitamin E Vitamin C Selenium Iron Copper Zink Manganese Riboflavin - Answers Vitamin E, Vitamin C and Selenium Which out of these are cofactors Vitamin E Vitamin C Selenium Iron Copper Zink Manganese Riboflavin - Answers Iron, copper, zinc and manganese Superoxide dismutase converts (blank) into (blank) - Answers superoxide, hydrogen peroxide Catalase converts (blank) into (blank) - Answers hydrogen peroxide, water Free Radical a molecule with an paired electron in its outer orbital true/false - Answers false, unpaired Some reactive oxygen species are oxygen-containing free radicals true/false - Answers true Match the following term to its disease A. Oxidized LDL B. Protein oxidation C. DNA oxidation 1. atherosclerosis 2. Cancer 3. Cataracts - Answers A-1 B-3 C-2 Reduction by free radicals and/or ROS can contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, cataracts and cancer. true/false - Answers False, oxidation Receiving an electron is how vitamins act as antioxidants true/false - Answers false, donating Antioxidants reduce free radicals by taking an electron from them. true/false - Answers false, giving an electron Put the following in the order they occur in the theorized antioxidant network, with the first step alpha-tocopherol oxidation at the top. A. Reactive oxygen species reduced B. Alpha-tocopherol is oxidized C. Alpha-tocopherol is reduce D.Vitamin C is oxidized E. Vitamin C is reduced - Answers In order B,A,D,C,E Which of the following is not an important characteristic for determining whether an antioxidant is meaningful? A, Has antioxidant function B. In vitro singlet oxygen quenching C. Not redundant D. Right amounts in the location of need - Answers B. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays are an in vitro measure of antioxidant capacity that do not take into account bioavailability nor amount in location of need. true/false - Answers true The U-shaped curve related to antioxidant nutrient concentration or intake suggests that too low and too high levels are suboptimal for reducing oxidative stress. true/false - Answers true What are the fat-soluble vitamins - Answers Vitamin A, D, E, K What are the water-soluble vitamins - Answers Vitamin c and B vitamins The originally discovered "factors" A and B are what we now refer to as vitamin A and the B vitamins. true/false - Answers true What are the three mineral categories (depending on amount required and found in the body) - Answers Macrominerals, trace minerals, ultra trace minerals Minerals are subset of elements found on the periodic table. true/false - Answers true DRIs provide qualitative advice to the public about the amounts of nutrients or food components to be of benefit. true/false - Answers false, quantitative adisce to the professionals Which of the following is not a DRI component? AI, RDI, UL, RDA, EAR - Answers RDI If there is research available to set an EAR, which DRI component will not be set? AI, UL, RDA - Answers AI If there is no research available to set an EAR, which DRI component will not be set? UL, RDA, AI - Answers RDA I have more confidence in an AI than an RDA to meet a person's nutrient needs. true/false - Answers false, AI not based on research while RDA is An AI falls between the EAR and UL. true/false - Answers false, it is unclear Which of the following is not involved in setting a UL? NOAEL, Uncertainty/Safety Factors, LOAEL - Answers RDI The difference between alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol are the methyl groups on the ring. true/false - Answers true The difference between alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocotrienols are the methyl groups on the ring. true/false - Answers false, alpha-tocopherol have saturated tails and alpha-tocotriennol have un saturated tails Which of the following is not true about alpha-tocopherol esters? A. Protect antioxidant function prior to digestion B. Are a type of alpha-tocopherol radical C. Are not taken up intact into enterocytes D. Esters are cleaved during digestion - Answers B. Alpha-tocopherol contains 3 chiral centers, which can be either in the R or S configuration, which if it is natural alpha-tocopherol, they are all in the S configuration. true/false - Answers R configuration Natural alpha-tocopherol's new designation is d-, which indicates that all the chiral centers are the d configuration (R is older terminology). true/false - Answers false, R is new terminology Synthetic alpha-tocopherol's new designation is all-rac, which indicates that it is a racemic mixture of the different possibilities at the 3 chiral centers. true/false - Answers true Alpha-tocopherol is absorbed better than gamma-tocopherol. true/false - Answers false,