FNDH 400 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026

FNDH 400 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026 Crypts of Lieberkuhn - Answers pits b/w villi Do crypts contain stem cells true/false - Answers true Enterocytes a type of cell from the stem cells in crypt mature as you go down more into the crypts true/false - Answers False enterocytes mature as the resin or migrate up the villus out of the crypt What happen to enterocytes as they reach the top of the villus - Answers They are sloughed off and either digested as lip and protein contain or excreted in feces Absorption is defined as reaching the muscle true/false - Answers false reaching the body circulation Compounds that are taken up might not necessarily be absorbed because the enterocyte containing the compound might be sloughed off before absorption occurs. true/false - Answers true At the top of villi are the crypts of Lieberkühn which contain stem cells, many of which differentiate to become enterocytes as they move down the villi, before ultimately being sloughed off. true/false - Answers false found in the pits between villi, and the enterocytes move up not down villi Which is not a macronutrient digestion product ready for uptake A. glucose B. tripeptide C. 2-monoglycerides D. fatty acids E. sucrose - Answers E. sucrose Which is not a protein the thelps move compounds through the phospholipid bilayer cell membrane A. pump B. carrier C. channel D. transporter E. tunnel - Answers E. tunnel Active transport does not require energy to move with a concentration gradient true/false - Answers False passive does active requires energy to move against the concentration gradient Cleaving a phosphate bond (dephosphorylation) generally releases energy. true/false - Answers true Osmosis moves solvent instead of solute true/false - Answers true A solute moving from lower concentration to higher concentration across a membrane is moving with its concentration gradient. true/false - Answers false moving against its concentration gradient What are the three forms of passive uptake/transport - Answers simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion n simple diffusion, a solute moves from a region with higher solute concentration across a membrane to a region with lower solute concentration with the help of a protein true/false - Answers false everything is true accept it does not need help from a protein n osmosis, water moves from a region with higher solute concentration across a membrane to a region with lower solute concentration. true/false - Answers false low concentration to high concentration Facilitated diffusion is like simple diffusion except that a carrier or transport protein is needed to facilitate solute movement across the membrane. true/false - Answers true Active carrier transport and facilitated diffusion both use a carrier or transport protein, but active carrier transport uses energy and moves with the concentration gradient. true/false - Answers false moves against the concentration gradient A compound that is endocytosed is taken into the cell in vesicles formed from the cell membrane. true/fals - Answers true Match each term with the correct thing it is taken up by A. Monosachcarides B. Glucose/Galactose C. Fructose 1. SGLT1 2. GLUT5 3. enterocyte - Answers A-3 B-1 C-2 GLUT transporters are active carrier transporters, as a result they use energy and transport solutes against the concentration gradient. true/false - Answers false use facilitated diffusion thus no energy use and with the concentration gradient Lymph goes into blood via the thoracic duct true/false - Answers true How do long chain fatty acids differ between small chain fatty acids - Answers long chain fatty acids are different b/c they don't go straight into the liver but instead into the blood so the whole body gets first shot due to chylomicrons being to large and can not go into capillaries Capillaries in the small intestine join to the (blank) vein allowing transports of (blank) to go directly to the (blank) - Answers portal vein, monosaccharides, liver Monosaccharides are absorbed into the lacteal and transported to the liver through the portal vein. true/false - Answers false capillaries All glucose is taken up by the liver and phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate inside hepatocytes to maintain the glucose concentration gradient. This prevents the glucose from leaving the hepatocyte without the phosphate being removed. true/false - Answers false not all glucose is taken up by the liver only 30 to 40 percent Following consumption of carbohydrates, increased blood glucose concentrations are sensed by the alpha-cells in the pancreas, which secrete glucagon that binds to the glucagon receptor, causing GLUT4 to move to the surface of muscle and adipose cells to allow glucose uptake. true/false - Answers false its by beta-cells Low blood glucose concentrations are sensed by the alpha-cells in the pancreas, which secrete glucagon that binds to the glucagon receptor, causing GLUT4 to move to the surface of muscle and adipose cells to allow glucose uptake. true/false - Answers false glucagon binding main action is to breakdown glycogen in the liver to allow for glucose to be released into circulat