NUR 138 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Dysphagia:
Odynophagia
Esophageal Varices - Answers Difficulty swallowing
Pain with swallowing
Abnormal enlarged veins in the throat
Dysplasia - Answers abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs - loss of dna
control
anaplasia - Answers loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type.
risk for hypersensitivity reaction - Answers Previous Exposure/Incidence and intensity increase
with previous exposure
Family member with allergy
Development, severity factors
Antigen's route of entry
Amount of antigen introduced
Rate of absorption of antigen
Individual's degree of hypersensitivity
Nursing actions for Patient respiratory effort - Answers Highest priority in anaphylactic shock
Place client in Fowler or high Fowler position for optimal lung expansion
For mild to moderate reactions
Assess respiratory status, LOC, anxiety, nasal flaring, use of accessory respiration muscles,
chest wall movement
Palpate for respiratory excursion
Auscultate lung sounds, adventitious sounds
Administer oxygen per nasal cannula
Insert nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway
Administer subcutaneous epinephrine
,Provide calm reassurance
Airborne precautions - Answers droplets smaller than 5 microns
Measles/Chicken pox/TB
Droplet Precaution - Answers larger than 5 microns
Pertussis/Diptheria/Scarlet fever/strep/pneumonia
Contact Precautions - Answers Through contact with items in the environment
C DIff/E-COli/Hep A/Herpes
ABCD for lesions - Answers Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
Nursing Diagnosis Sickle Cell - Answers Impaired Gas Exchange
Risk for Ineffective Breathing Pattern
Risk for Decreased Cardiac Tissue Perfusion
Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume
Risk for Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion
Risk for Infection
Acute Pain
Sources of Heme Iron - Answers Beef, chicken, pork loin, turkey, veal
Clams/oystrers
Egg yolk
Sources of Non-Heme Iron - Answers Bran Flakes/Brown rice/Whole grain breads
Dried Beans
Dried Fruits
,Greens
Oatmeal
Sources of Folic Acid - Answers Green Leafy veggies/Broccoli/asparagus
Organ meats/eggs
Wheat germ/yeast
Milk
Kidney beans
Sources of B12 - Answers Liver/kidney/muscle meats
Cheese/milk/eggs
Fresh shrimp/oysters
CAD Risk Factors - Answers Obesity
Sedentary
Nutrition
Smoking
Obesity
HYperlipidemia
Diabetes
Stress
Kidney disease
Oral Contraceptives/hormone replacement
Non-Mod
Age Men over 45, women over 55
Family Hx
Genetics
Path of blood through the body - Answers -left atrium
, -left ventricle
-aorta
-arteries
-capillaries
-venules
-veines
-vena cava
-right atrium
-right ventricle
Tx of Angina - Answers *rest* Usually relieved by rest
Nitro. 5 min apart as needed up to 3 doses
Relief from pain
Risk for OCD - Answers Genetic linkage strongly supported
Dysregulation of serotonin
Streptococcal infection may be a cause: PANDAS
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections
Etiology
2.2 million Americans have OCD
Risk factors
Family history
Major life stressor during childhood
a hx of childhood sexual or physical abuse
exposure to other stressful or traumatic events in childhood
Right Brained Stroke - Answers risky behavior, judgement, no impulse control, no filter, this
makes them a greater fall risk because they don't know their limitations
Left Brained stroke - Answers aphasia,
Dysphagia:
Odynophagia
Esophageal Varices - Answers Difficulty swallowing
Pain with swallowing
Abnormal enlarged veins in the throat
Dysplasia - Answers abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs - loss of dna
control
anaplasia - Answers loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type.
risk for hypersensitivity reaction - Answers Previous Exposure/Incidence and intensity increase
with previous exposure
Family member with allergy
Development, severity factors
Antigen's route of entry
Amount of antigen introduced
Rate of absorption of antigen
Individual's degree of hypersensitivity
Nursing actions for Patient respiratory effort - Answers Highest priority in anaphylactic shock
Place client in Fowler or high Fowler position for optimal lung expansion
For mild to moderate reactions
Assess respiratory status, LOC, anxiety, nasal flaring, use of accessory respiration muscles,
chest wall movement
Palpate for respiratory excursion
Auscultate lung sounds, adventitious sounds
Administer oxygen per nasal cannula
Insert nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway
Administer subcutaneous epinephrine
,Provide calm reassurance
Airborne precautions - Answers droplets smaller than 5 microns
Measles/Chicken pox/TB
Droplet Precaution - Answers larger than 5 microns
Pertussis/Diptheria/Scarlet fever/strep/pneumonia
Contact Precautions - Answers Through contact with items in the environment
C DIff/E-COli/Hep A/Herpes
ABCD for lesions - Answers Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
Nursing Diagnosis Sickle Cell - Answers Impaired Gas Exchange
Risk for Ineffective Breathing Pattern
Risk for Decreased Cardiac Tissue Perfusion
Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume
Risk for Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion
Risk for Infection
Acute Pain
Sources of Heme Iron - Answers Beef, chicken, pork loin, turkey, veal
Clams/oystrers
Egg yolk
Sources of Non-Heme Iron - Answers Bran Flakes/Brown rice/Whole grain breads
Dried Beans
Dried Fruits
,Greens
Oatmeal
Sources of Folic Acid - Answers Green Leafy veggies/Broccoli/asparagus
Organ meats/eggs
Wheat germ/yeast
Milk
Kidney beans
Sources of B12 - Answers Liver/kidney/muscle meats
Cheese/milk/eggs
Fresh shrimp/oysters
CAD Risk Factors - Answers Obesity
Sedentary
Nutrition
Smoking
Obesity
HYperlipidemia
Diabetes
Stress
Kidney disease
Oral Contraceptives/hormone replacement
Non-Mod
Age Men over 45, women over 55
Family Hx
Genetics
Path of blood through the body - Answers -left atrium
, -left ventricle
-aorta
-arteries
-capillaries
-venules
-veines
-vena cava
-right atrium
-right ventricle
Tx of Angina - Answers *rest* Usually relieved by rest
Nitro. 5 min apart as needed up to 3 doses
Relief from pain
Risk for OCD - Answers Genetic linkage strongly supported
Dysregulation of serotonin
Streptococcal infection may be a cause: PANDAS
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections
Etiology
2.2 million Americans have OCD
Risk factors
Family history
Major life stressor during childhood
a hx of childhood sexual or physical abuse
exposure to other stressful or traumatic events in childhood
Right Brained Stroke - Answers risky behavior, judgement, no impulse control, no filter, this
makes them a greater fall risk because they don't know their limitations
Left Brained stroke - Answers aphasia,
