MIC 130 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Justinian Plague - Answer -541 - 549.
Byzantine Empire
Black Plague - Answer -1347-1351
Chinese Plague - Answer -1855-1960
Spontaneous Generation - Answer -Life arises from NONLIVING matter
Biogenesis - Answer -Living cells arise only from PRE-EXISTING cells (Virchow)
John NEEDHAM - Answer -Poured boiled nutrient broth INTO covered flasks; microbes
devleoped
Lanzzaro SPALLANZANI - Answer -Boiled nutrient solutions in SEALED flasks, NO
microbes.
Rudolf VIRCHOW - Answer -BIOGENESIS: living cells arise from PRE-EXISTING
LIVING CELLS
Louis PASTEUR - Answer -"Microbes are the air" Heated & Sealed = No microbes
Heated & UNSEALED = Microbes.
Alexander FLEMING - Answer -Discovered penicillin on accident
How did Pasteur's work influence Lister and Koch? - Answer -PASTEUR worked on
germ theory of dieases.
LISTER studied DISINFECTANTS to prevent spread of diseases.
KOCH proved microorganisms caused disease, influenced development of postulates.
Robert KOCH - Answer -Proved Bacillus Anthracis caused anthrax. Developed steps to
prove a specific microbe causes specific disease.
Edward JENNER - Answer -Transferred liquid from sores from milkmaid with cowpox to
healthy boy. He was immune (protection).
Importance of Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology - Answer -Recombinant DNA
combines Microbial Genetics (how microbes inheret traits) and Molecular Biology (DNA
and protein synthesis)
Studies - Answer -○ Bacteriology: study of bacteria
○ Mycology: study of fungi
○ Parasitology: study of protozoa and parasitic worms
, ○ Immunology: study of immunity
○ Virology: study of viruses
4 beneficial activities or microorganisms - Answer --Microbial Ecology: Study of
relationships between microbes, living/nonliving components of their living habitats.
-Bioremediation: Bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage.
-Biological Inseticides: Microbes pathogenic to insects are alternative to chemical
pesticides (prevent insect damage to crops and disease)
-Modern biotech: Microbes with genetically modified bacteria.
Examples of biotech that use recombinant DNA - Answer -Gene Therapy:
missing/defective human genes can be replaced.
DNA fingerprinting: DNA probes and retrieval techniques made possible to match DNA
molecules for identification.
Normal Microbiata - Answer -Microbes normally present in and on our body (prevent
pathogen growth)
Biofilm - Answer -Microbes attach to solid surface and grow into masses (can cause
infections; resistant to microbiotics)
Emerging Infectionous Disease (EIDs) - Answer -New disease and "old" ones
increasing in frequency
Describe structure of an atom: - Answer -Smallest unit of matter, cannot be divided.
(interact to form molecules, composed of electrons, protons, netruons) ○ Protons and
neutrons: equal masses, in the nucleus
○ Electrons=Protons, atoms are electrically neutral
Ionic Bond - Answer -Electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another
atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other
Covalent Bonds - Answer -2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Hydrogen Bonds - Answer -When H atom covalently bonded to O or N. Attracts to O or
N in another molecule. (weak)
Acid: - Answer -Substances dissociate into one or more H+ (protons) and one or more
anions.
Base: - Answer -Substances that dissociate into one or more OH- (hydroxide) ions and
one or more cations.
Salt: - Answer -Substances that dissociate into cations and anions, neither is H+ or OH-
pH: - Answer -Concentration of H+ in solution
Justinian Plague - Answer -541 - 549.
Byzantine Empire
Black Plague - Answer -1347-1351
Chinese Plague - Answer -1855-1960
Spontaneous Generation - Answer -Life arises from NONLIVING matter
Biogenesis - Answer -Living cells arise only from PRE-EXISTING cells (Virchow)
John NEEDHAM - Answer -Poured boiled nutrient broth INTO covered flasks; microbes
devleoped
Lanzzaro SPALLANZANI - Answer -Boiled nutrient solutions in SEALED flasks, NO
microbes.
Rudolf VIRCHOW - Answer -BIOGENESIS: living cells arise from PRE-EXISTING
LIVING CELLS
Louis PASTEUR - Answer -"Microbes are the air" Heated & Sealed = No microbes
Heated & UNSEALED = Microbes.
Alexander FLEMING - Answer -Discovered penicillin on accident
How did Pasteur's work influence Lister and Koch? - Answer -PASTEUR worked on
germ theory of dieases.
LISTER studied DISINFECTANTS to prevent spread of diseases.
KOCH proved microorganisms caused disease, influenced development of postulates.
Robert KOCH - Answer -Proved Bacillus Anthracis caused anthrax. Developed steps to
prove a specific microbe causes specific disease.
Edward JENNER - Answer -Transferred liquid from sores from milkmaid with cowpox to
healthy boy. He was immune (protection).
Importance of Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology - Answer -Recombinant DNA
combines Microbial Genetics (how microbes inheret traits) and Molecular Biology (DNA
and protein synthesis)
Studies - Answer -○ Bacteriology: study of bacteria
○ Mycology: study of fungi
○ Parasitology: study of protozoa and parasitic worms
, ○ Immunology: study of immunity
○ Virology: study of viruses
4 beneficial activities or microorganisms - Answer --Microbial Ecology: Study of
relationships between microbes, living/nonliving components of their living habitats.
-Bioremediation: Bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage.
-Biological Inseticides: Microbes pathogenic to insects are alternative to chemical
pesticides (prevent insect damage to crops and disease)
-Modern biotech: Microbes with genetically modified bacteria.
Examples of biotech that use recombinant DNA - Answer -Gene Therapy:
missing/defective human genes can be replaced.
DNA fingerprinting: DNA probes and retrieval techniques made possible to match DNA
molecules for identification.
Normal Microbiata - Answer -Microbes normally present in and on our body (prevent
pathogen growth)
Biofilm - Answer -Microbes attach to solid surface and grow into masses (can cause
infections; resistant to microbiotics)
Emerging Infectionous Disease (EIDs) - Answer -New disease and "old" ones
increasing in frequency
Describe structure of an atom: - Answer -Smallest unit of matter, cannot be divided.
(interact to form molecules, composed of electrons, protons, netruons) ○ Protons and
neutrons: equal masses, in the nucleus
○ Electrons=Protons, atoms are electrically neutral
Ionic Bond - Answer -Electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another
atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other
Covalent Bonds - Answer -2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Hydrogen Bonds - Answer -When H atom covalently bonded to O or N. Attracts to O or
N in another molecule. (weak)
Acid: - Answer -Substances dissociate into one or more H+ (protons) and one or more
anions.
Base: - Answer -Substances that dissociate into one or more OH- (hydroxide) ions and
one or more cations.
Salt: - Answer -Substances that dissociate into cations and anions, neither is H+ or OH-
pH: - Answer -Concentration of H+ in solution
