AVIT 309 BLOCK 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2025/2026
What are the three primary sources of orientation in aviation? - Answers Proprioception,
vestibular, and visual
What percentage of inflight orientation does visual orientation provide? - Answers 90%
Proprioceptive senses allow humans to sense what? - Answers Movement and body position
Vestibular sense allow humans to sense what? - Answers Angular acceleration
What two components make up the vestibular apparatus? - Answers Semi-circular canals &
otolith organs
What would be the speed of a turn for sub-threshold acceleration? - Answers Less than 3
degrees per second
What are the two main components of human visual system? - Answers Central & peripheral
What are the three phases of vision? - Answers Photopic, scotoptic, and mesopic
Where is peak visual acuity located? - Answers Central vision, central 2 degree cone
How large is human perceptible field of view? - Answers 120 x 120 degrees
Where is the night visual blind spot located on the visual field? - Answers Central, 2
degrees/central vision
What are the two new technologies used for enhanced vision systems? - Answers Light
intensification and infrared
What is the recommendation for visual scanning inflight for instrument versus outside the
aircraft? - Answers 1/4 time inside, 3/4 time outside
True or False: SDO may rapidly transition from unnoticed to incapacitating. - Answers True
SDO typically happens when an aviator cannot visually confirm orientation with what? - Answers
The horizon
True or False: Fatigue may lead to SDO by causing routine tasks or scans to be skipped. -
Answers True
What is the average experience level for pilots involved in SDO-related accidents? - Answers 10
years/1,000 hours
What compensatory reflexive action typically happens to a pilot's head in a banking turn? -
Answers Optokinetic cervical reflex
, Which SDO illusion affects a pilot's ability to focus their eyes after rolling out of an extended
turn? - Answers Oculogyric illusion
Which SDO illusion causes a pilot to feel as if the aircraft nose suddenly pitched up during
during acceleration in low-visibility conditions? - Answers Somatogravic illusion
Which SDO illusion causes a turning sensation following roll-out from an extended turn? -
Answers Somatogyric illusion
Which SDO illusion typically starts with a sub-threshold turn? - Answers Graveyard spiral
How long should one expect to fly straight and level for SDO symptoms to resolve? - Answers
20-30 seconds
How much should pilots rely on vestibular and proprioceptive inputs during flight? - Answers
Not at all
Historically, what percentage of commercial incidents and accidents happen in the approach
and landing phases of flight? - Answers 50%
Visual illusions cause incidents and accidents for what reasons? - Answers Deviation from
glideslope
What two physiological factors may help create approach and landing visual illusions? -
Answers Visual perspective and depth perception
What are the three major landing illusion components? - Answers Airport Environment, Runway
Environment, and Weather Conditions
When a pilot looks at the ground, lack of what terrain feature may create difficulties for a pilot to
estimate altitude? - Answers Lack of texture
What about Black Hole Approaches make them create a visual illusion? - Answers Lack of
ambient visual cues along approach path
What illusion does an up-sloping runway create? - Answers Steep approach path
What illusion does a narrower-than-normal runway create? - Answers Higher & farther away
from threshold
What makes wire, towers, or antennas difficult to see on approach? - Answers Background
clutter
Why could precipitation cause an incident or accident on approach? - Answers The pilot spends
too much time visually searching for the runway, not enough time on instruments
What mechanical approach aids may assist a pilot on approach? - Answers VASI, PAPI, ILS
2025/2026
What are the three primary sources of orientation in aviation? - Answers Proprioception,
vestibular, and visual
What percentage of inflight orientation does visual orientation provide? - Answers 90%
Proprioceptive senses allow humans to sense what? - Answers Movement and body position
Vestibular sense allow humans to sense what? - Answers Angular acceleration
What two components make up the vestibular apparatus? - Answers Semi-circular canals &
otolith organs
What would be the speed of a turn for sub-threshold acceleration? - Answers Less than 3
degrees per second
What are the two main components of human visual system? - Answers Central & peripheral
What are the three phases of vision? - Answers Photopic, scotoptic, and mesopic
Where is peak visual acuity located? - Answers Central vision, central 2 degree cone
How large is human perceptible field of view? - Answers 120 x 120 degrees
Where is the night visual blind spot located on the visual field? - Answers Central, 2
degrees/central vision
What are the two new technologies used for enhanced vision systems? - Answers Light
intensification and infrared
What is the recommendation for visual scanning inflight for instrument versus outside the
aircraft? - Answers 1/4 time inside, 3/4 time outside
True or False: SDO may rapidly transition from unnoticed to incapacitating. - Answers True
SDO typically happens when an aviator cannot visually confirm orientation with what? - Answers
The horizon
True or False: Fatigue may lead to SDO by causing routine tasks or scans to be skipped. -
Answers True
What is the average experience level for pilots involved in SDO-related accidents? - Answers 10
years/1,000 hours
What compensatory reflexive action typically happens to a pilot's head in a banking turn? -
Answers Optokinetic cervical reflex
, Which SDO illusion affects a pilot's ability to focus their eyes after rolling out of an extended
turn? - Answers Oculogyric illusion
Which SDO illusion causes a pilot to feel as if the aircraft nose suddenly pitched up during
during acceleration in low-visibility conditions? - Answers Somatogravic illusion
Which SDO illusion causes a turning sensation following roll-out from an extended turn? -
Answers Somatogyric illusion
Which SDO illusion typically starts with a sub-threshold turn? - Answers Graveyard spiral
How long should one expect to fly straight and level for SDO symptoms to resolve? - Answers
20-30 seconds
How much should pilots rely on vestibular and proprioceptive inputs during flight? - Answers
Not at all
Historically, what percentage of commercial incidents and accidents happen in the approach
and landing phases of flight? - Answers 50%
Visual illusions cause incidents and accidents for what reasons? - Answers Deviation from
glideslope
What two physiological factors may help create approach and landing visual illusions? -
Answers Visual perspective and depth perception
What are the three major landing illusion components? - Answers Airport Environment, Runway
Environment, and Weather Conditions
When a pilot looks at the ground, lack of what terrain feature may create difficulties for a pilot to
estimate altitude? - Answers Lack of texture
What about Black Hole Approaches make them create a visual illusion? - Answers Lack of
ambient visual cues along approach path
What illusion does an up-sloping runway create? - Answers Steep approach path
What illusion does a narrower-than-normal runway create? - Answers Higher & farther away
from threshold
What makes wire, towers, or antennas difficult to see on approach? - Answers Background
clutter
Why could precipitation cause an incident or accident on approach? - Answers The pilot spends
too much time visually searching for the runway, not enough time on instruments
What mechanical approach aids may assist a pilot on approach? - Answers VASI, PAPI, ILS
