NSC Exam with correct answers ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Carb function in the body - correct answers✔✔Main energy source
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Glycemic Index - correct answers✔✔ranking foods based on the relative blood glucose
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
response observed after ingesting them. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
High glucose response= high glycemic index
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low glucose response= low glycemic index.
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Monosaccharides - correct answers✔✔glucose, fructose, galactose ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Disaccharides - correct answers✔✔sucrose, lactose, maltose ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Polysaccharides - correct answers✔✔thousands of molecules bound together-starch, ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
glycogen, fiber ||\\||\\
Soluble Fiber - correct answers✔✔dissolves or swells in water, weight management (feeling
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
full= satiety), lowering cholesterol, and helps control blood sugar levels
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Foods-citrus, apples, bananas, oats, beans ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Insoluble Fiber - correct answers✔✔does not dissolve, helps GI health, prebiotic, protection
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
against colon cancer ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Foods-whole grain, wheat bran, rice, veggies ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
, Insulin - correct answers✔✔hormone secreted by the pancreas in order to unlock cells to
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
allow glucose in, lowering glucose levels. It is secreted when blood glucose levels are too
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
high, above 99 ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Glucagon - correct answers✔✔hormone secreted at the opposite time of insulin in order to
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
raise glucose levels. It is released when glucose levels are too low, releasing glucose from the
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
liver into the bloodstream
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Type I Diabetes - correct answers✔✔pancreas can no longer produce insulin
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Type II Diabetes - correct answers✔✔cells develop a resistance to insulin
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Gluten - correct answers✔✔insoluble protein composite // wheat, rye, and barley-
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
responsible for the elastic consistency of dough ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Celiac Disease - correct answers✔✔inherited disease // immune system attacks small
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
intestine when gluten is ingested ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Normal Fasting Blood Glucose Levels - correct answers✔✔normal 70-99 mg/dl, prediabetes
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
100-125 mg/dl, diabetes greater than 126 ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Probiotic Vs. Prebiotic - correct answers✔✔probiotic (yogurt) are healthy bacteria that aid
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
the GI tract to move everything along, where prebiotics (honey) are mainly fibers that feed
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
the probiotic bacteria
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Lactose Intolerance - correct answers✔✔lack of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
lactose into a monosaccharide in order to be absorbed. Since it is not broken down, it is
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
metabolized by the large intestine, causing pain, gas, bloating, and discomfort ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Carb function in the body - correct answers✔✔Main energy source
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Glycemic Index - correct answers✔✔ranking foods based on the relative blood glucose
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
response observed after ingesting them. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
High glucose response= high glycemic index
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
low glucose response= low glycemic index.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Monosaccharides - correct answers✔✔glucose, fructose, galactose ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Disaccharides - correct answers✔✔sucrose, lactose, maltose ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Polysaccharides - correct answers✔✔thousands of molecules bound together-starch, ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
glycogen, fiber ||\\||\\
Soluble Fiber - correct answers✔✔dissolves or swells in water, weight management (feeling
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
full= satiety), lowering cholesterol, and helps control blood sugar levels
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Foods-citrus, apples, bananas, oats, beans ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Insoluble Fiber - correct answers✔✔does not dissolve, helps GI health, prebiotic, protection
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
against colon cancer ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Foods-whole grain, wheat bran, rice, veggies ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
, Insulin - correct answers✔✔hormone secreted by the pancreas in order to unlock cells to
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
allow glucose in, lowering glucose levels. It is secreted when blood glucose levels are too
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
high, above 99 ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Glucagon - correct answers✔✔hormone secreted at the opposite time of insulin in order to
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
raise glucose levels. It is released when glucose levels are too low, releasing glucose from the
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
liver into the bloodstream
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Type I Diabetes - correct answers✔✔pancreas can no longer produce insulin
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Type II Diabetes - correct answers✔✔cells develop a resistance to insulin
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Gluten - correct answers✔✔insoluble protein composite // wheat, rye, and barley-
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
responsible for the elastic consistency of dough ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Celiac Disease - correct answers✔✔inherited disease // immune system attacks small
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
intestine when gluten is ingested ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Normal Fasting Blood Glucose Levels - correct answers✔✔normal 70-99 mg/dl, prediabetes
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
100-125 mg/dl, diabetes greater than 126 ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Probiotic Vs. Prebiotic - correct answers✔✔probiotic (yogurt) are healthy bacteria that aid
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
the GI tract to move everything along, where prebiotics (honey) are mainly fibers that feed
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
the probiotic bacteria
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Lactose Intolerance - correct answers✔✔lack of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
lactose into a monosaccharide in order to be absorbed. Since it is not broken down, it is
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
metabolized by the large intestine, causing pain, gas, bloating, and discomfort ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
