D386 HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEM ESSENTIALS

Hardware and Operating Systems Essentials
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- D386
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D386 HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS

Operatingbgsystembg-bganswer--systembgsoftwarebgthatbgactsbgasbgabg"go-
between",bgallowingbgcomputerbghardwarebgandbgotherbgsoftwarebgtobgcommunicatebgwithbgeachbgother

resourcebgmanagerbg-bganswer--whatbgisbgthebgpurposebgofbgabgcomputerbgoperatingbgsystem?

OperatingbgSystembg(OS)bg-bganswer--WhatbgkindbgofbgsoftwarebgarebgthebgMacbgOSbgXbgandbgWindowsbg10bgprogram?

Androidbg-bganswer--Whatbgoperatingbgsystembgisbgopen-
sourcedbgandbgallowsbgitsbgsourcebgcodebgtobgbebgmodifiedbgandbgredistributed?

Cloudbgbasedbgoperatingbgsystemsbg-bganswer--
Whatbgprimarilybgmanagesbgthebgoperatingbgofbgonebgorbgmorebgvirtualbgmachinesbgwithinbgabgvirtualizedbgenvironment?

primarilybgstatelessbg-bganswer--Whatbgisbgabgfeaturebgofbgcloud-basedbgoperatingbgsystems?

Systembgcallsbg-bganswer--
uniquebgsetbgofbgservicesbgprovidedbgbybgoperatingbgsystemsbgforbgusebgbybgapplicationsbgandbghavebgtobgbebgaccounted
orbgbybgdifferentbgoperatingbgsystems.

ApplicationbgProgrammingbgInterfacebg(API)bg-bganswer--
Abgsetbgofbgsoftwarebgroutinesbgthatbgallowsbgonebgsoftwarebgsystembgtobgworkbgwithbganother.

Uniquebgsystembgcallsbg-bganswer--
Whybgdobgapplicationsbgdesignedbgtobgworkbgonbgonebgoperatingbgsystembgnotbgworkbgonbgabgdifferentbgoperatingbgsyste
?

single-userbgsystemsbg-bganswer--multitaskingbgsystems,bgfoundbginbglaptopsbgandbgworkstations

MobilebgDevicebgOperatingbgSystemsbg-bganswer--providesbgsingle-
userbgandbgmultitaskingbgatbgabgscaledbgdownbglevelbgduebgtobgpowerbgandbgmemorybglimitations

MainframebgSystemsbg-bganswer--
large,bgfast,bgandbgpowerful,bgusedbgforbghighbgtransactionbgprocessingbgandbgcomplexbgcomputations;bgusedbgbybgcorp
ationsbgandbggovernmentbgagencies

networkbgserverbgsystemsbg-bganswer--
designedbgandbgnamedbgforbgabgspecificbgpurposebgsuchbgasbgdatabasebgservers,bgwebbgservers,bgandbgprintbgservers

real-timebgsystemsbg-bganswer--designedbgtobgdirectbgCPUbgaccessbgimmediatelybgwhenbgneededbgorbgrequired

embeddedbgcontrolbgsystemsbg-bganswer--
specializedbgoperatingbgsystemsbgdesignedbgtobgcontrolbgasinglebgpiecebgofbgequipmentbgorbgmachinery
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, Hardware and Operating Systems Essentials
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- D386
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distributedbgsystemsbg-bganswer--
gearedbgtowardbgallocatingbgprocessbgpower,bgprograms,bgfiles,bgandbgdatabasesbgtobgnetworkbgusers.

ApplicationbgSoftwarebg-bganswer--softwarebgprogrambgthatbghelpsbgyoubgusebgthebgcomputerbgtobgdobgparticularbgtasks

Driversbg-bganswer--instructsbgabgparticularbgOSbgonbghowbgtobgaccessbgabgpiecebgofbghardware

versionbg-bganswer--
particularbgrevisionbgofbgabgpiecebgofbgsoftware,bgnormallybgdescribedbgbybgabgnumberbgthatbgtellsbgyoubghowbgnewbgthebgp
ductbgisbginbgrelationbgtobgotherbgversionsbgofbgthebgproduct

sourcebgcodebg-bganswer--actualbgcodebgthatbgdefinesbghowbgabgpiecebgofbgsoftwarebgworks

openbgsourcebg-bganswer--softwarebgthatbgisbgcreatedbgforbgfreebgusebgbybgeveryone

closedbgsourcebg-bganswer--
sourcebgcodebgthatbgisbghighlybgprotectedbgandbgonlybgavailablebgtobgtrustedbgemployeesbgandbgcarefullybgvettedbgcontra
ors

GraphicalbgUserbgInterfacebg(GUI)bg-bganswer--
Abgvisualbgdisplaybgonbgabgcomputer'sbgscreenbgthatbgallowsbgyoubgtobginteractbgwithbgyourbgcomputerbgmorebgeasilybgbybg
ckingbggraphicalbgelements

networkbg-bganswer--abggroupbgofbgtwobgorbgmorebgcomputerbgsystemsbglinkedbgtogether

Cooperativebgmultitaskingbg-bganswer--
whenbgthebgoperatingbgsystembgprocessesbgthebgtaksbgassignedbgabghigherbgprioritybgbeforebgprocessingbgabgtaskbgthatbg
sbgbeenbgassignedbgabglowerbgpriority

Multithreadingbg-bganswer--allowsbgdifferentbgpartsbgofbgabgsinglebgprogrambgtobgrunbgconcurrently

Interupt-DrivenbgI/Obg-bganswer--involvesbgthebgusebgofbginterruptbgtobgexchangebgdatabgbetweenbgI/Obgandbgmemory

programmedbgI/Obg-bganswer--
thebgprocessorbgissuesbganbgI/
Obgcommand,bgonbgbehalfbgofbgabgprocess,bgtobganbgI/
Obgmodule;bgthatbgprocessbgthenbgbusybgwaitsbgforbgthebgoperationbgtobgbebgcompletedbgbeforebgproceeding

DirectbgmemorybgAccessbg(DMA)bg-bganswer--
Whenbgabgdevicebgcontrollerbgtransfersbganbgentirebgblockbgofbgdatabgfrombgitsbgownbgbufferbgstoragebgtobgmemorybgwitho
gCPUbgintervention



slownessbg-bganswer--
WhatbgisbgonebgreasonbgwhybgprogrammedbgI/
ObgdoesbgnotbgworkbgwellbgwhenbgthebgI/
ObgdoesbgnotbgworkbgwellbgwhenbgthebgI/Obgdevicebgisbgabghardbgdiskbgorbgabggraphicsbgdisplay?

Fetch-ExecutebgCyclebg-bganswer--
thebgbasicbgprocessbgperformedbgbybgthebgCPU.bgOnbgeachbgcyclebgthebgCPUbgfetchesbgthebgnextbginstructionbgfrombgRA
bginterpretsbgitbgandbgexecutesbgit.

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