CEA PREP: FULL PRACTICE EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025
TheApatientAisAexhibitingAaAproductiveAcoughAandAaAlow-gradeAfever.AChestAX-
rayAonAPAAviewAshowsAaAleftAlowerAchestAareaAofAconsolidationAadjacentAtoAtheAleftAborderAofAtheA
heartAapproximatelyA2AribAspacesAaboveAtheAcostophrenicAangle.ATheAlateralAx-
rayAviewAshowsAthisAlesionAabsentAofAtheAwindowAposteriorAtoAtheAcardiacAsilhouette.AWhichAisAth
eAmostAlikelyAlocationAofAthisAareaAofAfocalAconsolidation?
*LeftAupperAlobeAapex
*RightAmiddleAlobe
*LeftAupperAlobeAlingula
*LeftAlowerAlobeA-ACORRECTAANSWER-LeftAupperAlobeAlingula
Ratonale:ALingularAconsolidationAisAdescribedAinAthisAquestionAprecisely.AIfAtheAcardiacAmargin/silh
ouetteAisAobliteratedAbyAtheAmass,AtheAlesionAisAeitherArightAmiddleAlobeAorAleftAupperAlobeAlingula
.
TheAinabilityAtoAfullyArelaxAtheAmyocardiumAduringArelaxationAisAaAtrademarkAofAwhichAofAtheAfollo
wingAdiagnoses?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-DiastolicAdysfunction
Rationale:ATheAinabilityAforAtheAheartAtoArelaxAisAaAtrademarkAofAtheAdiagnosisAofAdiastolicAdysfunc
tionAandAisAcommonAinApatientsAwithAthickenedAhypertrophicAmyocardium.
AnAotherwiseAhealthyAAfricanAAmericanAadultAmaleAhasAbeenAdiagnosedAwithAhypertension.AHeAh
asAbeenArestrictingAhisAsaltAintake,AeatingAaADASHA(DietaryAApproachesAtoAStopAHypertension)Adie
t,AandAexercisingAmore,AbutAhisAbloodApressureAisAstillAelevated.AWhichAisAtheABESTAmedicationAtoA
prescribeAhim?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-CalciumAchannelAblocker
Rationale:AAfricanAAmericanApatientsAperAJNC8AHypertensionAGuidelinesAshouldAbeAmanagedAwit
hAaAdihydropyridineAcalciumAchannelAblockerAsuchAasAamlodipineA(Norvasc)AasAfirstAlineAmanagem
entAtherapyAforAhypertensionAnotAatAgoalAwithADASHAandAlifestyleAmodifications.
YourApatientAhasAbeenAdiagnosedAwithAaA4.5cmAascendingAaorticAaneurysm.AWhichAmedicalAimagi
ngAisAconsideredAstandardAofAcareAforAserialAsurveillance?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
CTAangiographyAofAtheAchest
,Rationale:ACTAangiographyAisAconsideredAtheAstandardAofAcareAforAmeasuringAvascularAluminalAdi
mensionsAwithAcontrast.ACTAPEAprotocolAisAnotAtimedAproperlyAforAtheAaortaA(it'sAtimedAforAtheApul
monaryAartery).AAlthoughAaAplainAfilmAisAableAtoAcatchAlargeAaneurysmsAatAtimes,AtheyAareAnotAabl
eAtoAprovideAmulti-
axisAreconstructionAneededAtoAaccuratelyAmeasureAtheAsize.ATransesophagealAechoAisAnotAneeded
AtoAaccuratelyAmeasureAtheAaortaAandArequiresAtheApatientAtoAundergoAsedationAwhichAisAunneces
sary.
WhichAofAtheAfollowingAmedicationsAdoesAnotAcauseAbetaA1Astimulation?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
phenylephrine
Rationale:APhenylephrineAonlyAstimulatesAalphaA1Areceptors.ATheAremainingAthreeAallAhaveAbetaAr
eceptorAactivity.
AA50-year-
oldAwomanAwithAaAhistoryAofAhypertensionApresentsAwithAdyspneaAonAexertionAandAorthopnea.AO
nAexamination,AsheAhasAjugularAvenousAdistentionAandAbilateralAcracklesAonAlungAauscultation.AW
hatAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdiagnosis?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-CongestiveAheartAfailure
Rationale:AOfAtheAavailableAoptions,AtheAmostAaccurateAresponseAisAcongestiveAheartAfailureAasAitAi
sAsignifyingAbothAaArightAventricularAbackAupAwithAjugularAvenousAextensionAandAcracklesAonAlungA
assault,AwhichAareAsuggestiveAofAleftAventricularAbackAup.AitAisApossibleAtheApatientAmayAhaveAanAa
cuteAmyocardialAinfarctionAthatAprecipitatedAthis,Ahowever,AaApatientAhasAnotAdescribedAthat,Arath
erAisAonlyAdescribingAdyspneaAonAexertionAandAorthopnea,AwhichAbothAspeakAtoAaAstateAofAfluidAov
erload.ATheAonlyAappropriateAresponseAofAtheseAavailableAisAcongestiveAheartAfailure.
YourApatientAwithAaAhistoryAofAHFrEFA(heartAfailureAwithAreducedAejectionAfraction)AwithAanAejecti
onAfractionAofA40%AwhoAisAalsoAnotAonAoptimalAmedicalAtherapyAhasAbeenAdiagnosedAwithAaAmyoc
ardialAinfarctionAthisAadmissionAandAreceivedAemergentAplacementAofAaAdrug-
elutingAstentAtoAtheAleftAanteriorAdescendingAartery.AAsAtheAmedicalAhomeAwhoAwillAmanageAthisA
patientAafterAdischarge,AwhichAmedicationAstrategyAwouldAyouAexpectAtoAbeAaApriorityAinAtheApatie
nt'sAcare?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
OrderingAaAtransthoracicAechocardiogramAandAorderAaALifevestAifAEFAisAlessAthanA35%
Rationale:ATheApatientAshouldAhaveAaAprotectiveAmechanismAsuchAasAanAimplantableAautomatedA
cardioverterAdefibrillatorA(AICD)AorAaALifevestAifAtheAEFAisAlessAthanA35%AdueAtoAtheAincreasedAriskA
ofAsuddenAcardiacAdeathAwithAlowAEFAstates.ASinceAmostApatientsAareAnotAeligibleAforA90AdaysAforAa
nAAICDAinAthisAstate,AoptimizingAtheirAmedicationAregimenAandArepeatingAanAechoAinA2-
3AmonthsAtoAre-
evaluateAforAimprovementAinAtheirAEFAisArequiredAbyAmostAinsuranceAcompanies.AAAbaselineAechoA
,isAneededAatAdischargeAtoAprovideAaAbaselineAforAimprovementAvsAtheirArepeatAechoAinA2-
3Amonths.
DualAanti-plateletAtherapyAisArequiredAforA12AmonthsAminimumApost-MI.A
AAHolterAmonitorAdoesAnotAprovideAanyAconceivableAbenefitAforAthisApatientAasApresented.
WhichAofAtheAfollowingApeopleAgroupsArepresentAtheAleastAriskAofAcardiacAdisease?A-
ACORRECTAANSWER-Caucasians
Rationale:AStatisticallyAAfricanAAmericans,ANativeAHawaiians,AandAAmericanAIndiansAareAatAatAincr
easedAriskAofAcardiacAdiseaseAdueAtoAhigherAratesAofAhypertension,Adiabetes,AandAobesityAthanACa
ucasians.
AA65-year-oldAwomanApresentsAforAaAfollow-
upAexamination.ASheAisAaAsmoker,AandAherAhypertensionAisAnowAadequatelyAcontrolledAwithAmedic
ation.AHerAmotherAdiedAatAageA40AfromAaAheartAattack.ATheAfastingAlipidAprofileAshowsAcholesterolA
=A240Amg/dL,AHDLA=A30,AandALDLA=A200.AInAadditionAtoAstartingAtherapeuticAlifestyleAchanges,AtheA
nurseApractitionerAshouldAstartAtheApatientAon:A-ACORRECTAANSWER-aAstatinAdrug.
Rationale:ABileAacidAsequestrantsAandAcholesterolAabsorptionAinhibitorsAmayAbeAusefulAinAreducin
gAASVDArisk,AbutAforAaApatientAwhoAisAanAactiveAsmokerAwithAprematureAcoronaryAdiseaseAhistoryA
(lessAthanAageA65AforAwomen),AhasAhypertensionAandAisAfarAfromAanALDLAgoal,AthisApatientAisAmostA
certainlyAaAcandidateAforAstatinAtherapy,AwhichArepresentsAtheAmostAaggressiveAtherapyAoptionAof
AtheseAfourAlisted.
WhichAofAtheAfollowingAend-
organAsequelaeAisAnotAdirectlyAcausedAbyAuncontrolledAhypertension?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
PeripheralAneuropathy
Ratioanle:AAlthoughApatientsAwithAhypertensionAfrequentlyAhaveAperipheralAneuropathy,AitAisAonl
yAdirectlyAattributedAtoApatientsAwhoAareAalsoAdiabeticAandAisAcommonlyAfoundAinAnon-
hypertensiveAdiabeticApatients.AProteinuria,AAVAnicking,AandAhemorrhagicAstrokeAareAallAcausedAb
yAuncontrolledAhypertension.
PreventiveAcardiacAcareAshouldAfocusAprimarilyAonAaddressingAallAtheAfollowingAexcept?A-
ACORRECTAANSWER-GeneticApredisposition
Rationale:ASmokingAcessation,Aexercise,AandAmedicationAcomplianceAallArepresentAmodifiableArisk
AfactorsAandAshouldAbeAtheAfocusAofApreventiveAcare.ANon-
modifiableAriskAfactorsAsuchAasAage,Agender,Agenetic/familyAhistoryAshouldAnotAbeAtheAprimaryAfoc
usAofAprevention.
, AA33-year-
oldAwomanApresentsAwithAirregularAmenstrualAcycles,Ahirsutism,AandAobesity.ALaboratoryAtestsAre
vealAelevatedAserumAtestosteroneAandALHAratioA>A2:1.AWhatAisAtheAmostAappropriateAinitialAtreatm
ent?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-OralAcontraceptives
Rationale:ATheseAareAclassicAsymptomsAofApolycysticAovarianAsyndromeAandAtheApatientAshouldAb
eAtreatedAwithAoralAcontraceptivesAtoAhelpAstabilizeAtheirAestrogenAandAprogesterone.AAdditionall
y,AtheyAmayAbeAmanagedAonAmetforminAand/orAspironolactoneAforAtheirAPCOS.
OralAcontraceptiveApillsA(OCPs)AareAoftenAtheAfirstApharmacologicalAtreatmentAforApolycysticAovary
AsyndromeA(PCOS)AbecauseAtheyAhelpAmanageAinAseveralAways:
MenstrualAirregularities:AOCPsAcanAhelpAregulateAmenstrualAcycles,AmakingAperiodsAlighterAandAm
oreAregular.AThisAisAimportantAbecauseAirregularAovulationAcanAleadAtoAendometrialAhyperplasia,A
whichAisAaAbuildupAofAuterineAtissueAthatAcanAincreaseAtheAriskAofAuterineAcancer.
AndrogenAexcess:AOCPsAcanAreduceAandrogenAproductionAandAincreaseAsexAhormone-
bindingAglobulinA(SHBG),AwhichAbindsAandrogens.AThisAcanAhelpAreduceAsymptomsAlikeAacne,Ahirs
utismA(unwantedAbodyAandAfacialAhair),AandAandrogenicAalopeciaA(maleApatternAbaldness).
EndometriumAprotection:AOCPsAcanAprotectAtheAendometriumAbyAensuringAregularAovulation
AA50-year-oldAwomanAwithAhypertensionAandAdiabetesAcomesAinAforAaAroutineAcheck-
up.AWhatAscreeningAtestAshouldAbeAregularlyAperformedAtoAmonitorAforAearlyAsignsAofAdiabeticAne
phropathy?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-UrineAdipstickAforAprotein
Rationale:ATheAmostAsensitiveAindicatorAofAdiabeticAnephropathyAwouldAbeAtheAevidenceAofAsmallA
proteinsAinAtheAurineA(proteinuria)AasAfoundAonAurinalysis.ATheAotherAoptionsAmightAdescribeAmac
ro-
organAfunctionA(suchAasABUN/CreatAfromAaABMP,AaArenalAbiopsyAwhichAisAnotAindicatedAforAroutine
AdiabeticAnephropathyAtesting,AandAaAAbdACT,AwhichAisAmoreAakinAtoAevaluationAofAlessAsubtleAfind
ings),AbutAatAtheAfunctionalAlevelAofAtheAnephron,AnamelyAtheAglomerulus,AevidenceAofAglucose-
relatedAdamageAisAeasilyAidentifiedAwithAproteinuriaAfromAaAUA.
WhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAatAhighestAriskAforADMII?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
AnAadultAwomanAwithAaABMIAofA27AwhoAjustAdeliveredAaAbabyAweighingA9A1/2Albs
Rationale:AOfAtheseAoptions,AanAadultAwomanAwithAaABMIAofA27AwhoAjustAdeliveredAaAbabyAweighi
ngA9A1/2AlbsAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdueAtoAtheirAincreasedABMIAandAtheAlargeAsizeAofAtheAbaby.AgivingAbi
rthAtoAaAlargeAbaby,AalsoAknownAasAaAlarge-for-gestational-
ageA(LGA)Ababy,AcanAincreaseAtheAriskAofAdevelopingAtypeA2AdiabetesAlaterAinAlife.AWomenAwhoAgiv
eAbirthAtoAaALGAAbabyAareA10%AmoreAlikelyAtoAdevelopADMIIA10-
14AyearsAafterApregnancyAcomparedAtoAwomenAwhoAgiveAbirthAtoAbabiesAofAaverageAgestationalAa
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025
TheApatientAisAexhibitingAaAproductiveAcoughAandAaAlow-gradeAfever.AChestAX-
rayAonAPAAviewAshowsAaAleftAlowerAchestAareaAofAconsolidationAadjacentAtoAtheAleftAborderAofAtheA
heartAapproximatelyA2AribAspacesAaboveAtheAcostophrenicAangle.ATheAlateralAx-
rayAviewAshowsAthisAlesionAabsentAofAtheAwindowAposteriorAtoAtheAcardiacAsilhouette.AWhichAisAth
eAmostAlikelyAlocationAofAthisAareaAofAfocalAconsolidation?
*LeftAupperAlobeAapex
*RightAmiddleAlobe
*LeftAupperAlobeAlingula
*LeftAlowerAlobeA-ACORRECTAANSWER-LeftAupperAlobeAlingula
Ratonale:ALingularAconsolidationAisAdescribedAinAthisAquestionAprecisely.AIfAtheAcardiacAmargin/silh
ouetteAisAobliteratedAbyAtheAmass,AtheAlesionAisAeitherArightAmiddleAlobeAorAleftAupperAlobeAlingula
.
TheAinabilityAtoAfullyArelaxAtheAmyocardiumAduringArelaxationAisAaAtrademarkAofAwhichAofAtheAfollo
wingAdiagnoses?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-DiastolicAdysfunction
Rationale:ATheAinabilityAforAtheAheartAtoArelaxAisAaAtrademarkAofAtheAdiagnosisAofAdiastolicAdysfunc
tionAandAisAcommonAinApatientsAwithAthickenedAhypertrophicAmyocardium.
AnAotherwiseAhealthyAAfricanAAmericanAadultAmaleAhasAbeenAdiagnosedAwithAhypertension.AHeAh
asAbeenArestrictingAhisAsaltAintake,AeatingAaADASHA(DietaryAApproachesAtoAStopAHypertension)Adie
t,AandAexercisingAmore,AbutAhisAbloodApressureAisAstillAelevated.AWhichAisAtheABESTAmedicationAtoA
prescribeAhim?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-CalciumAchannelAblocker
Rationale:AAfricanAAmericanApatientsAperAJNC8AHypertensionAGuidelinesAshouldAbeAmanagedAwit
hAaAdihydropyridineAcalciumAchannelAblockerAsuchAasAamlodipineA(Norvasc)AasAfirstAlineAmanagem
entAtherapyAforAhypertensionAnotAatAgoalAwithADASHAandAlifestyleAmodifications.
YourApatientAhasAbeenAdiagnosedAwithAaA4.5cmAascendingAaorticAaneurysm.AWhichAmedicalAimagi
ngAisAconsideredAstandardAofAcareAforAserialAsurveillance?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
CTAangiographyAofAtheAchest
,Rationale:ACTAangiographyAisAconsideredAtheAstandardAofAcareAforAmeasuringAvascularAluminalAdi
mensionsAwithAcontrast.ACTAPEAprotocolAisAnotAtimedAproperlyAforAtheAaortaA(it'sAtimedAforAtheApul
monaryAartery).AAlthoughAaAplainAfilmAisAableAtoAcatchAlargeAaneurysmsAatAtimes,AtheyAareAnotAabl
eAtoAprovideAmulti-
axisAreconstructionAneededAtoAaccuratelyAmeasureAtheAsize.ATransesophagealAechoAisAnotAneeded
AtoAaccuratelyAmeasureAtheAaortaAandArequiresAtheApatientAtoAundergoAsedationAwhichAisAunneces
sary.
WhichAofAtheAfollowingAmedicationsAdoesAnotAcauseAbetaA1Astimulation?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
phenylephrine
Rationale:APhenylephrineAonlyAstimulatesAalphaA1Areceptors.ATheAremainingAthreeAallAhaveAbetaAr
eceptorAactivity.
AA50-year-
oldAwomanAwithAaAhistoryAofAhypertensionApresentsAwithAdyspneaAonAexertionAandAorthopnea.AO
nAexamination,AsheAhasAjugularAvenousAdistentionAandAbilateralAcracklesAonAlungAauscultation.AW
hatAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdiagnosis?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-CongestiveAheartAfailure
Rationale:AOfAtheAavailableAoptions,AtheAmostAaccurateAresponseAisAcongestiveAheartAfailureAasAitAi
sAsignifyingAbothAaArightAventricularAbackAupAwithAjugularAvenousAextensionAandAcracklesAonAlungA
assault,AwhichAareAsuggestiveAofAleftAventricularAbackAup.AitAisApossibleAtheApatientAmayAhaveAanAa
cuteAmyocardialAinfarctionAthatAprecipitatedAthis,Ahowever,AaApatientAhasAnotAdescribedAthat,Arath
erAisAonlyAdescribingAdyspneaAonAexertionAandAorthopnea,AwhichAbothAspeakAtoAaAstateAofAfluidAov
erload.ATheAonlyAappropriateAresponseAofAtheseAavailableAisAcongestiveAheartAfailure.
YourApatientAwithAaAhistoryAofAHFrEFA(heartAfailureAwithAreducedAejectionAfraction)AwithAanAejecti
onAfractionAofA40%AwhoAisAalsoAnotAonAoptimalAmedicalAtherapyAhasAbeenAdiagnosedAwithAaAmyoc
ardialAinfarctionAthisAadmissionAandAreceivedAemergentAplacementAofAaAdrug-
elutingAstentAtoAtheAleftAanteriorAdescendingAartery.AAsAtheAmedicalAhomeAwhoAwillAmanageAthisA
patientAafterAdischarge,AwhichAmedicationAstrategyAwouldAyouAexpectAtoAbeAaApriorityAinAtheApatie
nt'sAcare?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
OrderingAaAtransthoracicAechocardiogramAandAorderAaALifevestAifAEFAisAlessAthanA35%
Rationale:ATheApatientAshouldAhaveAaAprotectiveAmechanismAsuchAasAanAimplantableAautomatedA
cardioverterAdefibrillatorA(AICD)AorAaALifevestAifAtheAEFAisAlessAthanA35%AdueAtoAtheAincreasedAriskA
ofAsuddenAcardiacAdeathAwithAlowAEFAstates.ASinceAmostApatientsAareAnotAeligibleAforA90AdaysAforAa
nAAICDAinAthisAstate,AoptimizingAtheirAmedicationAregimenAandArepeatingAanAechoAinA2-
3AmonthsAtoAre-
evaluateAforAimprovementAinAtheirAEFAisArequiredAbyAmostAinsuranceAcompanies.AAAbaselineAechoA
,isAneededAatAdischargeAtoAprovideAaAbaselineAforAimprovementAvsAtheirArepeatAechoAinA2-
3Amonths.
DualAanti-plateletAtherapyAisArequiredAforA12AmonthsAminimumApost-MI.A
AAHolterAmonitorAdoesAnotAprovideAanyAconceivableAbenefitAforAthisApatientAasApresented.
WhichAofAtheAfollowingApeopleAgroupsArepresentAtheAleastAriskAofAcardiacAdisease?A-
ACORRECTAANSWER-Caucasians
Rationale:AStatisticallyAAfricanAAmericans,ANativeAHawaiians,AandAAmericanAIndiansAareAatAatAincr
easedAriskAofAcardiacAdiseaseAdueAtoAhigherAratesAofAhypertension,Adiabetes,AandAobesityAthanACa
ucasians.
AA65-year-oldAwomanApresentsAforAaAfollow-
upAexamination.ASheAisAaAsmoker,AandAherAhypertensionAisAnowAadequatelyAcontrolledAwithAmedic
ation.AHerAmotherAdiedAatAageA40AfromAaAheartAattack.ATheAfastingAlipidAprofileAshowsAcholesterolA
=A240Amg/dL,AHDLA=A30,AandALDLA=A200.AInAadditionAtoAstartingAtherapeuticAlifestyleAchanges,AtheA
nurseApractitionerAshouldAstartAtheApatientAon:A-ACORRECTAANSWER-aAstatinAdrug.
Rationale:ABileAacidAsequestrantsAandAcholesterolAabsorptionAinhibitorsAmayAbeAusefulAinAreducin
gAASVDArisk,AbutAforAaApatientAwhoAisAanAactiveAsmokerAwithAprematureAcoronaryAdiseaseAhistoryA
(lessAthanAageA65AforAwomen),AhasAhypertensionAandAisAfarAfromAanALDLAgoal,AthisApatientAisAmostA
certainlyAaAcandidateAforAstatinAtherapy,AwhichArepresentsAtheAmostAaggressiveAtherapyAoptionAof
AtheseAfourAlisted.
WhichAofAtheAfollowingAend-
organAsequelaeAisAnotAdirectlyAcausedAbyAuncontrolledAhypertension?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
PeripheralAneuropathy
Ratioanle:AAlthoughApatientsAwithAhypertensionAfrequentlyAhaveAperipheralAneuropathy,AitAisAonl
yAdirectlyAattributedAtoApatientsAwhoAareAalsoAdiabeticAandAisAcommonlyAfoundAinAnon-
hypertensiveAdiabeticApatients.AProteinuria,AAVAnicking,AandAhemorrhagicAstrokeAareAallAcausedAb
yAuncontrolledAhypertension.
PreventiveAcardiacAcareAshouldAfocusAprimarilyAonAaddressingAallAtheAfollowingAexcept?A-
ACORRECTAANSWER-GeneticApredisposition
Rationale:ASmokingAcessation,Aexercise,AandAmedicationAcomplianceAallArepresentAmodifiableArisk
AfactorsAandAshouldAbeAtheAfocusAofApreventiveAcare.ANon-
modifiableAriskAfactorsAsuchAasAage,Agender,Agenetic/familyAhistoryAshouldAnotAbeAtheAprimaryAfoc
usAofAprevention.
, AA33-year-
oldAwomanApresentsAwithAirregularAmenstrualAcycles,Ahirsutism,AandAobesity.ALaboratoryAtestsAre
vealAelevatedAserumAtestosteroneAandALHAratioA>A2:1.AWhatAisAtheAmostAappropriateAinitialAtreatm
ent?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-OralAcontraceptives
Rationale:ATheseAareAclassicAsymptomsAofApolycysticAovarianAsyndromeAandAtheApatientAshouldAb
eAtreatedAwithAoralAcontraceptivesAtoAhelpAstabilizeAtheirAestrogenAandAprogesterone.AAdditionall
y,AtheyAmayAbeAmanagedAonAmetforminAand/orAspironolactoneAforAtheirAPCOS.
OralAcontraceptiveApillsA(OCPs)AareAoftenAtheAfirstApharmacologicalAtreatmentAforApolycysticAovary
AsyndromeA(PCOS)AbecauseAtheyAhelpAmanageAinAseveralAways:
MenstrualAirregularities:AOCPsAcanAhelpAregulateAmenstrualAcycles,AmakingAperiodsAlighterAandAm
oreAregular.AThisAisAimportantAbecauseAirregularAovulationAcanAleadAtoAendometrialAhyperplasia,A
whichAisAaAbuildupAofAuterineAtissueAthatAcanAincreaseAtheAriskAofAuterineAcancer.
AndrogenAexcess:AOCPsAcanAreduceAandrogenAproductionAandAincreaseAsexAhormone-
bindingAglobulinA(SHBG),AwhichAbindsAandrogens.AThisAcanAhelpAreduceAsymptomsAlikeAacne,Ahirs
utismA(unwantedAbodyAandAfacialAhair),AandAandrogenicAalopeciaA(maleApatternAbaldness).
EndometriumAprotection:AOCPsAcanAprotectAtheAendometriumAbyAensuringAregularAovulation
AA50-year-oldAwomanAwithAhypertensionAandAdiabetesAcomesAinAforAaAroutineAcheck-
up.AWhatAscreeningAtestAshouldAbeAregularlyAperformedAtoAmonitorAforAearlyAsignsAofAdiabeticAne
phropathy?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-UrineAdipstickAforAprotein
Rationale:ATheAmostAsensitiveAindicatorAofAdiabeticAnephropathyAwouldAbeAtheAevidenceAofAsmallA
proteinsAinAtheAurineA(proteinuria)AasAfoundAonAurinalysis.ATheAotherAoptionsAmightAdescribeAmac
ro-
organAfunctionA(suchAasABUN/CreatAfromAaABMP,AaArenalAbiopsyAwhichAisAnotAindicatedAforAroutine
AdiabeticAnephropathyAtesting,AandAaAAbdACT,AwhichAisAmoreAakinAtoAevaluationAofAlessAsubtleAfind
ings),AbutAatAtheAfunctionalAlevelAofAtheAnephron,AnamelyAtheAglomerulus,AevidenceAofAglucose-
relatedAdamageAisAeasilyAidentifiedAwithAproteinuriaAfromAaAUA.
WhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAatAhighestAriskAforADMII?A-ACORRECTAANSWER-
AnAadultAwomanAwithAaABMIAofA27AwhoAjustAdeliveredAaAbabyAweighingA9A1/2Albs
Rationale:AOfAtheseAoptions,AanAadultAwomanAwithAaABMIAofA27AwhoAjustAdeliveredAaAbabyAweighi
ngA9A1/2AlbsAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdueAtoAtheirAincreasedABMIAandAtheAlargeAsizeAofAtheAbaby.AgivingAbi
rthAtoAaAlargeAbaby,AalsoAknownAasAaAlarge-for-gestational-
ageA(LGA)Ababy,AcanAincreaseAtheAriskAofAdevelopingAtypeA2AdiabetesAlaterAinAlife.AWomenAwhoAgiv
eAbirthAtoAaALGAAbabyAareA10%AmoreAlikelyAtoAdevelopADMIIA10-
14AyearsAafterApregnancyAcomparedAtoAwomenAwhoAgiveAbirthAtoAbabiesAofAaverageAgestationalAa
