NURS 257 EXAM 3 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT | LATEST EXAM
What are the 3 lifestyle factors that are contributing the most to longer life? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Diet, exercise, not smoking
Aging Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - explains the mechanisms behind loss
of physical resilience, decreased resistance to disease, and other physical and
mental changes that accompany aging
Programmed Aging (Hayflick's Theory) - CORRECT ANSWER - cellular
aging: normal human cells can only replicate and divide 40-60 times before it
cannot divide anymore and will breakdown by programmed cell death
(apoptosis and replicate senescence)
Does Programmed Aging or Hayflick's Theory apply to stem cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER - No, it is difficult to prove secondary to concurrent
chronic disease
Molecular Clock Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA changes: each time a
cell undergoes mitosis, the telomeres on the ends of the chromosome shorten
slightly and eventually this loss of telomeres stops the ability of chromosomes
to replicate
Intrinsic Mutagenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the process by which
telomeres on the ends of chromosomes shorten slightly
Wear and Tear Theories of Aging - CORRECT ANSWER - errors in the
replication of cells and accumulation of damaging byproducts eventually leads
to declining cellular function and aging
,Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - secondary to
the buildup of unstable oxygen compounds, there is cumulative damage to cells
and tissues as a result of aerobic metabolism
In the Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory, environmental oxidizing agents
cause harm to what structures in cells and tissues? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cell membranes and cells
What do antioxidant enzymes do in relation to the Free Radical/Oxidative Stress
Theory? - CORRECT ANSWER - Antioxidants can be derived from a healthy
diet or from phytochemicals which block the formation of free radicals
phytochemicals - CORRECT ANSWER - plant chemicals
What are the effects and physiological changes of Normal Aging? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1) LBM
2) Sarcopenia
3) Proportion Distortion
4) Weight Gain
5) Decline in taste, smell, appetite, and thirst
6) Decline in oral health
LBM (lean body mass) - CORRECT ANSWER - sum of fat free tissues
comprising bone, muscle, and water
Sarcopenia - CORRECT ANSWER - age-associated loss of skeletal muscle
mass and function
Proportion distortion - CORRECT ANSWER - refers to the growing
proportion sizes people call normal
, as age increases, the number of calories required (decreases/increases) -
CORRECT ANSWER - Decreases
Are carbs typically a nutritional risk factor in older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - No
What is the daily recommended intake of fiber for older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 22-28 g/day recommended
What is the daily recommended intake of protein for older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1-1.5 g/kg
What is the most common deficiency among older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Protein
Nitrogen balance - CORRECT ANSWER - the difference between intake and
loss of protein
What is the second most common deficiency among older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - dairy
What percent of total calories should be used by fats for older adults? -
CORRECT ANSWER - 20-35%
What is the DRI Water/Fluid Recommendation for older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1 mL of fluid per calorie eaten or a minimum of 1500 mL of
fluid/day
What are the nutrients of concern associated with aging? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Fiber, Iron, B12, and water
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT | LATEST EXAM
What are the 3 lifestyle factors that are contributing the most to longer life? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Diet, exercise, not smoking
Aging Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - explains the mechanisms behind loss
of physical resilience, decreased resistance to disease, and other physical and
mental changes that accompany aging
Programmed Aging (Hayflick's Theory) - CORRECT ANSWER - cellular
aging: normal human cells can only replicate and divide 40-60 times before it
cannot divide anymore and will breakdown by programmed cell death
(apoptosis and replicate senescence)
Does Programmed Aging or Hayflick's Theory apply to stem cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER - No, it is difficult to prove secondary to concurrent
chronic disease
Molecular Clock Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA changes: each time a
cell undergoes mitosis, the telomeres on the ends of the chromosome shorten
slightly and eventually this loss of telomeres stops the ability of chromosomes
to replicate
Intrinsic Mutagenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the process by which
telomeres on the ends of chromosomes shorten slightly
Wear and Tear Theories of Aging - CORRECT ANSWER - errors in the
replication of cells and accumulation of damaging byproducts eventually leads
to declining cellular function and aging
,Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - secondary to
the buildup of unstable oxygen compounds, there is cumulative damage to cells
and tissues as a result of aerobic metabolism
In the Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory, environmental oxidizing agents
cause harm to what structures in cells and tissues? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cell membranes and cells
What do antioxidant enzymes do in relation to the Free Radical/Oxidative Stress
Theory? - CORRECT ANSWER - Antioxidants can be derived from a healthy
diet or from phytochemicals which block the formation of free radicals
phytochemicals - CORRECT ANSWER - plant chemicals
What are the effects and physiological changes of Normal Aging? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1) LBM
2) Sarcopenia
3) Proportion Distortion
4) Weight Gain
5) Decline in taste, smell, appetite, and thirst
6) Decline in oral health
LBM (lean body mass) - CORRECT ANSWER - sum of fat free tissues
comprising bone, muscle, and water
Sarcopenia - CORRECT ANSWER - age-associated loss of skeletal muscle
mass and function
Proportion distortion - CORRECT ANSWER - refers to the growing
proportion sizes people call normal
, as age increases, the number of calories required (decreases/increases) -
CORRECT ANSWER - Decreases
Are carbs typically a nutritional risk factor in older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - No
What is the daily recommended intake of fiber for older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 22-28 g/day recommended
What is the daily recommended intake of protein for older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1-1.5 g/kg
What is the most common deficiency among older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Protein
Nitrogen balance - CORRECT ANSWER - the difference between intake and
loss of protein
What is the second most common deficiency among older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - dairy
What percent of total calories should be used by fats for older adults? -
CORRECT ANSWER - 20-35%
What is the DRI Water/Fluid Recommendation for older adults? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1 mL of fluid per calorie eaten or a minimum of 1500 mL of
fluid/day
What are the nutrients of concern associated with aging? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Fiber, Iron, B12, and water
