COMPLETE BIO 139 LAB EXAM 3 STUDY
GUIDE 2025-2025
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Question 1
A 19-year old BCTC student was admitted to the UK Medical Center because of extreme
fatigue
and weight loss. For the previous year he had tired easily, had lost 64 pounds in the last 2
years, his present height is 71 inches and his weight 140 pounds. About 4 years previously,
he began to urinate frequently at night, and since then had increasing thirst and high urine
output. He came to the hospital because during the last 24 hours he was extremely thirsty
and irritable, and drank about twelve 360 ml glasses of water. He was urinating hourly during
the last 24 hour period and unable to get enough to drink. His gums were sore and he had
recent difficulty eating because of the gum tenderness.
Results of physical exam:
Plasma glucose: 435 mg/dl (normal: 60-100)
Urine: specific gravity: 1.035 (normal: 1.015 - 1.022); 4+ reaction for glucose, moderate
reaction for acetone
Plasma: pH = 7.25 (normal: 7.35-7.45)
PCO2 = 30 mmHg (normal: 35-45)
HCO3- = 14 mEq/L (normal: 22-26)
Hematocrit: 55% (normal: 40-50)
Blood pressure: 105/50 standing; 130/68 lying down
Standing pulse 104/min (normal: < 80)
Respiration: 20 breaths/min (normal: 12)
What condition does our BCTC student have?
Correct Answer
Diabetes Mellitus (shown by high blood sugar)
Question 2
A 19-year old BCTC student was admitted to the UK Medical Center because of extreme
fatigue
and weight loss. For the previous year he had tired easily, had lost 64 pounds in the last 2
years, his present height is 71 inches and his weight 140 pounds. About 4 years previously,
he began to urinate frequently at night, and since then had increasing thirst and high urine
output. He came to the hospital because during the last 24 hours he was extremely thirsty
and irritable, and drank about twelve 360 ml glasses of water. He was urinating hourly during
the last 24 hour period and unable to get enough to drink. His gums were sore and he had
recent difficulty eating because of the gum tenderness.
Results of physical exam:
Plasma glucose: 435 mg/dl (normal: 60-100)
Urine: specific gravity: 1.035 (normal: 1.015 - 1.022); 4+ reaction for glucose, moderate
reaction for acetone
Plasma: pH = 7.25 (normal: 7.35-7.45)
,PCO2 = 30 mmHg (normal: 35-45)
HCO3- = 14 mEq/L (normal: 22-26)
Hematocrit: 55% (normal: 40-50)
Blood pressure: 105/50 standing; 130/68 lying down
Standing pulse 104/min (normal: < 80)
Respiration: 20 breaths/min (normal: 12)
Why might he lose weight when his plasma glucose is up?
Correct Answer
Because his body either does not produce or does not respond to insulin, his cells do not
absorb glucose from your bloodstream, which causes him to have high blood-glucose levels.
Because his cells have no glucose coming into them from his blood, his body "thinks" that it
is starving, a condition called polyphagia. This causes the body to consume its fat and
protein storage for metabolism instead of glucose.
Question 3
A 19-year old BCTC student was admitted to the UK Medical Center because of extreme
fatigue
and weight loss. For the previous year he had tired easily, had lost 64 pounds in the last 2
years, his present height is 71 inches and his weight 140 pounds. About 4 years previously,
he began to urinate frequently at night, and since then had increasing thirst and high urine
output. He came to the hospital because during the last 24 hours he was extremely thirsty
and irritable, and drank about twelve 360 ml glasses of water. He was urinating hourly during
the last 24 hour period and unable to get enough to drink. His gums were sore and he had
recent difficulty eating because of the gum tenderness.
Results of physical exam:
Plasma glucose: 435 mg/dl (normal: 60-100)
Urine: specific gravity: 1.035 (normal: 1.015 - 1.022); 4+ reaction for glucose, moderate
reaction for acetone
Plasma: pH = 7.25 (normal: 7.35-7.45)
PCO2 = 30 mmHg (normal: 35-45)
HCO3- = 14 mEq/L (normal: 22-26)
Hematocrit: 55% (normal: 40-50)
Blood pressure: 105/50 standing; 130/68 lying down
Standing pulse 104/min (normal: < 80)
Respiration: 20 breaths/min (normal: 12)
What is his acid-base disturbance?
Correct Answer
Metabolic acidosis/Ketoacidosis; breakdown protein/fat for metabolism releases H+, this
release of H+ causes acidosis
Question 4
A 19-year old BCTC student was admitted to the UK Medical Center because of extreme
fatigue
, and weight loss. For the previous year he had tired easily, had lost 64 pounds in the last 2
years, his present height is 71 inches and his weight 140 pounds. About 4 years previously,
he began to urinate frequently at night, and since then had increasing thirst and high urine
output. He came to the hospital because during the last 24 hours he was extremely thirsty
and irritable, and drank about twelve 360 ml glasses of water. He was urinating hourly during
the last 24 hour period and unable to get enough to drink. His gums were sore and he had
recent difficulty eating because of the gum tenderness.
Results of physical exam:
Plasma glucose: 435 mg/dl (normal: 60-100)
Urine: specific gravity: 1.035 (normal: 1.015 - 1.022); 4+ reaction for glucose, moderate
reaction for acetone
Plasma: pH = 7.25 (normal: 7.35-7.45)
PCO2 = 30 mmHg (normal: 35-45)
HCO3- = 14 mEq/L (normal: 22-26)
Hematocrit: 55% (normal: 40-50)
Blood pressure: 105/50 standing; 130/68 lying down
Standing pulse 104/min (normal: < 80)
Respiration: 20 breaths/min (normal: 12)
. Explain his respiratory rate, how does it relate to his acid-base disturbance?
Correct Answer
Respiratory compensation for ketoacidosis: rapid, increased H+ leads to increased CO2,
increased respiratory drive to blow off CO2 and get rid of H+.
Question 5
A 19-year old BCTC student was admitted to the UK Medical Center because of extreme
fatigue
and weight loss. For the previous year he had tired easily, had lost 64 pounds in the last 2
years, his present height is 71 inches and his weight 140 pounds. About 4 years previously,
he began to urinate frequently at night, and since then had increasing thirst and high urine
output. He came to the hospital because during the last 24 hours he was extremely thirsty
and irritable, and drank about twelve 360 ml glasses of water. He was urinating hourly during
the last 24 hour period and unable to get enough to drink. His gums were sore and he had
recent difficulty eating because of the gum tenderness.
Results of physical exam:
Plasma glucose: 435 mg/dl (normal: 60-100)
Urine: specific gravity: 1.035 (normal: 1.015 - 1.022); 4+ reaction for glucose, moderate
reaction for acetone
Plasma: pH = 7.25 (normal: 7.35-7.45)
PCO2 = 30 mmHg (normal: 35-45)
HCO3- = 14 mEq/L (normal: 22-26)
Hematocrit: 55% (normal: 40-50)
Blood pressure: 105/50 standing; 130/68 lying down
Standing pulse 104/min (normal: < 80)
Respiration: 20 breaths/min (normal: 12)
GUIDE 2025-2025
For more info:
, complete bio 139 lab exam 3 study
guide
Question 1
A 19-year old BCTC student was admitted to the UK Medical Center because of extreme
fatigue
and weight loss. For the previous year he had tired easily, had lost 64 pounds in the last 2
years, his present height is 71 inches and his weight 140 pounds. About 4 years previously,
he began to urinate frequently at night, and since then had increasing thirst and high urine
output. He came to the hospital because during the last 24 hours he was extremely thirsty
and irritable, and drank about twelve 360 ml glasses of water. He was urinating hourly during
the last 24 hour period and unable to get enough to drink. His gums were sore and he had
recent difficulty eating because of the gum tenderness.
Results of physical exam:
Plasma glucose: 435 mg/dl (normal: 60-100)
Urine: specific gravity: 1.035 (normal: 1.015 - 1.022); 4+ reaction for glucose, moderate
reaction for acetone
Plasma: pH = 7.25 (normal: 7.35-7.45)
PCO2 = 30 mmHg (normal: 35-45)
HCO3- = 14 mEq/L (normal: 22-26)
Hematocrit: 55% (normal: 40-50)
Blood pressure: 105/50 standing; 130/68 lying down
Standing pulse 104/min (normal: < 80)
Respiration: 20 breaths/min (normal: 12)
What condition does our BCTC student have?
Correct Answer
Diabetes Mellitus (shown by high blood sugar)
Question 2
A 19-year old BCTC student was admitted to the UK Medical Center because of extreme
fatigue
and weight loss. For the previous year he had tired easily, had lost 64 pounds in the last 2
years, his present height is 71 inches and his weight 140 pounds. About 4 years previously,
he began to urinate frequently at night, and since then had increasing thirst and high urine
output. He came to the hospital because during the last 24 hours he was extremely thirsty
and irritable, and drank about twelve 360 ml glasses of water. He was urinating hourly during
the last 24 hour period and unable to get enough to drink. His gums were sore and he had
recent difficulty eating because of the gum tenderness.
Results of physical exam:
Plasma glucose: 435 mg/dl (normal: 60-100)
Urine: specific gravity: 1.035 (normal: 1.015 - 1.022); 4+ reaction for glucose, moderate
reaction for acetone
Plasma: pH = 7.25 (normal: 7.35-7.45)
,PCO2 = 30 mmHg (normal: 35-45)
HCO3- = 14 mEq/L (normal: 22-26)
Hematocrit: 55% (normal: 40-50)
Blood pressure: 105/50 standing; 130/68 lying down
Standing pulse 104/min (normal: < 80)
Respiration: 20 breaths/min (normal: 12)
Why might he lose weight when his plasma glucose is up?
Correct Answer
Because his body either does not produce or does not respond to insulin, his cells do not
absorb glucose from your bloodstream, which causes him to have high blood-glucose levels.
Because his cells have no glucose coming into them from his blood, his body "thinks" that it
is starving, a condition called polyphagia. This causes the body to consume its fat and
protein storage for metabolism instead of glucose.
Question 3
A 19-year old BCTC student was admitted to the UK Medical Center because of extreme
fatigue
and weight loss. For the previous year he had tired easily, had lost 64 pounds in the last 2
years, his present height is 71 inches and his weight 140 pounds. About 4 years previously,
he began to urinate frequently at night, and since then had increasing thirst and high urine
output. He came to the hospital because during the last 24 hours he was extremely thirsty
and irritable, and drank about twelve 360 ml glasses of water. He was urinating hourly during
the last 24 hour period and unable to get enough to drink. His gums were sore and he had
recent difficulty eating because of the gum tenderness.
Results of physical exam:
Plasma glucose: 435 mg/dl (normal: 60-100)
Urine: specific gravity: 1.035 (normal: 1.015 - 1.022); 4+ reaction for glucose, moderate
reaction for acetone
Plasma: pH = 7.25 (normal: 7.35-7.45)
PCO2 = 30 mmHg (normal: 35-45)
HCO3- = 14 mEq/L (normal: 22-26)
Hematocrit: 55% (normal: 40-50)
Blood pressure: 105/50 standing; 130/68 lying down
Standing pulse 104/min (normal: < 80)
Respiration: 20 breaths/min (normal: 12)
What is his acid-base disturbance?
Correct Answer
Metabolic acidosis/Ketoacidosis; breakdown protein/fat for metabolism releases H+, this
release of H+ causes acidosis
Question 4
A 19-year old BCTC student was admitted to the UK Medical Center because of extreme
fatigue
, and weight loss. For the previous year he had tired easily, had lost 64 pounds in the last 2
years, his present height is 71 inches and his weight 140 pounds. About 4 years previously,
he began to urinate frequently at night, and since then had increasing thirst and high urine
output. He came to the hospital because during the last 24 hours he was extremely thirsty
and irritable, and drank about twelve 360 ml glasses of water. He was urinating hourly during
the last 24 hour period and unable to get enough to drink. His gums were sore and he had
recent difficulty eating because of the gum tenderness.
Results of physical exam:
Plasma glucose: 435 mg/dl (normal: 60-100)
Urine: specific gravity: 1.035 (normal: 1.015 - 1.022); 4+ reaction for glucose, moderate
reaction for acetone
Plasma: pH = 7.25 (normal: 7.35-7.45)
PCO2 = 30 mmHg (normal: 35-45)
HCO3- = 14 mEq/L (normal: 22-26)
Hematocrit: 55% (normal: 40-50)
Blood pressure: 105/50 standing; 130/68 lying down
Standing pulse 104/min (normal: < 80)
Respiration: 20 breaths/min (normal: 12)
. Explain his respiratory rate, how does it relate to his acid-base disturbance?
Correct Answer
Respiratory compensation for ketoacidosis: rapid, increased H+ leads to increased CO2,
increased respiratory drive to blow off CO2 and get rid of H+.
Question 5
A 19-year old BCTC student was admitted to the UK Medical Center because of extreme
fatigue
and weight loss. For the previous year he had tired easily, had lost 64 pounds in the last 2
years, his present height is 71 inches and his weight 140 pounds. About 4 years previously,
he began to urinate frequently at night, and since then had increasing thirst and high urine
output. He came to the hospital because during the last 24 hours he was extremely thirsty
and irritable, and drank about twelve 360 ml glasses of water. He was urinating hourly during
the last 24 hour period and unable to get enough to drink. His gums were sore and he had
recent difficulty eating because of the gum tenderness.
Results of physical exam:
Plasma glucose: 435 mg/dl (normal: 60-100)
Urine: specific gravity: 1.035 (normal: 1.015 - 1.022); 4+ reaction for glucose, moderate
reaction for acetone
Plasma: pH = 7.25 (normal: 7.35-7.45)
PCO2 = 30 mmHg (normal: 35-45)
HCO3- = 14 mEq/L (normal: 22-26)
Hematocrit: 55% (normal: 40-50)
Blood pressure: 105/50 standing; 130/68 lying down
Standing pulse 104/min (normal: < 80)
Respiration: 20 breaths/min (normal: 12)
