NEU 401 Exam 4 ACTUAL UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
odorant - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅molecules thay elicit olfactory perception
olfactory receptor neuron - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅olfactory sensory neuron
Odorant binding steps - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅odorant binds to ORN
depolorzation
AP propagated to golmerulus of olfactory bulb
in the glomerulus, ORN axons synapse with dendrites of _______ __________, a type of
projection neuron - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅mitral cells
Pls transmit information to what? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅higher olfactory centers
binding of odorant to ORN GPCRs steps (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Odorant binds to
Ga
activation of adenylate cyclase III
Adenylate cyclase then increase cAMP
cAMP opens CNG channels
Influx of calcium and sodium
depolarization of the ORN
,ORN signal amplification - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅opening of calcium dependent Cl-
receptors = Cl- efflux
mechanical stimulation form sniffling
regulation of ORN activity by Ca2+ and calmodulin CaM steps (3) - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Calcium and CaM complex inhibits CNG channels
CaM activates phosphodiesterase which converts cAMP to AMP
CAMKII inhibits adenylate cyclase III, preventing cAMP production
ORN Vm returns to rest
Regulation of ORN activitiy is important for what? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅olfactory
recovery
olfactory adaptation
olfactory recovery - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅termination of ORN response once odorant
removed so ORN can respond to new odorants
olfactory adaptation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅modification of ORN response after prior
experience with the same odorant
CNG channels are _________ for olfactory perception - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅necessary
when the channels are mutated, mice do not have a repose to odors and there is no
depolarization of the neurons
anosmic - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅unable to detect odors
, COVID and anosmia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅covid enters cells via ACE2 receptor
which is not expressed by ORNS
indirect effect
combinatorial representation of odors - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅identity of odorant is
encoded by MANY ORNs
odorant identification - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅each ORN is activated by multiple
odorants
each odorant activates many ORNs
individuals can perceive odors differently due to ______ _______ - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅genetic variations
polymorphisms - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅DNA sequence variations
androstenone perception - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅vanilla vs sickening smell
gene= Or7D4
most common variant= Arg-The (RT), high affinity, most people detect sickening odor
tryptophan-methionine (WM), low affinity, pleasant odor
each ORN expresses a _______ odorant receptor - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅SINGLE
that single receptor can respond to many odorants
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
odorant - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅molecules thay elicit olfactory perception
olfactory receptor neuron - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅olfactory sensory neuron
Odorant binding steps - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅odorant binds to ORN
depolorzation
AP propagated to golmerulus of olfactory bulb
in the glomerulus, ORN axons synapse with dendrites of _______ __________, a type of
projection neuron - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅mitral cells
Pls transmit information to what? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅higher olfactory centers
binding of odorant to ORN GPCRs steps (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Odorant binds to
Ga
activation of adenylate cyclase III
Adenylate cyclase then increase cAMP
cAMP opens CNG channels
Influx of calcium and sodium
depolarization of the ORN
,ORN signal amplification - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅opening of calcium dependent Cl-
receptors = Cl- efflux
mechanical stimulation form sniffling
regulation of ORN activity by Ca2+ and calmodulin CaM steps (3) - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Calcium and CaM complex inhibits CNG channels
CaM activates phosphodiesterase which converts cAMP to AMP
CAMKII inhibits adenylate cyclase III, preventing cAMP production
ORN Vm returns to rest
Regulation of ORN activitiy is important for what? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅olfactory
recovery
olfactory adaptation
olfactory recovery - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅termination of ORN response once odorant
removed so ORN can respond to new odorants
olfactory adaptation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅modification of ORN response after prior
experience with the same odorant
CNG channels are _________ for olfactory perception - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅necessary
when the channels are mutated, mice do not have a repose to odors and there is no
depolarization of the neurons
anosmic - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅unable to detect odors
, COVID and anosmia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅covid enters cells via ACE2 receptor
which is not expressed by ORNS
indirect effect
combinatorial representation of odors - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅identity of odorant is
encoded by MANY ORNs
odorant identification - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅each ORN is activated by multiple
odorants
each odorant activates many ORNs
individuals can perceive odors differently due to ______ _______ - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅genetic variations
polymorphisms - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅DNA sequence variations
androstenone perception - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅vanilla vs sickening smell
gene= Or7D4
most common variant= Arg-The (RT), high affinity, most people detect sickening odor
tryptophan-methionine (WM), low affinity, pleasant odor
each ORN expresses a _______ odorant receptor - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅SINGLE
that single receptor can respond to many odorants
