Criminology 2040 Justice Chapter 11 Final Exam 2025

Criminology 2040 Justice Chapter 11 Final Exam 2025 Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of contemporary sentencing? - Correct Ans-Restitution Which of the following is a model of criminal justice punishment that encourages rehabilitation through the use of general relatively unspecific sentences? - Correct Ans Indeterminate sentencing The examination of a convicted offender's background prior to sentencing that is generally conducted by probation or parole officials is called the: - Correct Ans Presentence investigation. Which one of the following is NOT a traditional sentencing option? - Correct Ans-Parole The opposite of mitigating circumstances in sentencing is: - Correct Ans-Aggravating circumstances. In 2004 the Crime Victims' Rights Act established rights for victims: - Correct Ans-Of federal crimes. Which one of the following is NOT a rationale in opposing the death penalty? - Correct Ans-The death penalty causes too many appeals and clogs the court system What is the primary sentencing tool of the just deserts model? - Correct Ans-Retribution Proportionality means that: - Correct Ans-There should be a direct relationship between the severity of the sanctions and the seriousness of the crime. Which term refers to the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit future offenses - Correct Ans-Incapacitation Which of the following directs the person detaining a prisoner to bring him or her before a judicial officer to determine the lawfulness of the imprisonment? - Correct Ans-Writ of habeas corpus A sentence of 8 to 25 years is an example of a(n): - Correct Ans-Indeterminate sentence Which refers to the use of court-ordered community service, home detention, day reporting, drug treatment, psychological counseling, victim-offender programming, or CRIM 2040 CRIM 2040 intensive supervision in lieu of other more traditional sanctions, such as imprisonment and fines? - Correct Ans-Alternative sentencing Which amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment? - Correct Ans-Eighth A victim impact statement is: - Correct Ans-Usually a written document describing the suffering and trauma experienced by the crime victim used before sentencing. Which 2013 U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that any fact that increases the mandatory minimum sentence is an "element" that must be submitted to the jury? - Correct Ans Alleyne v. U.S. In 2013, which state became the third state to adopt racial impact legislation to study and prepare impact statements for proposed changes in sentencing, probation, and parole? - Correct Ans-Oregon A goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality is known as: - Correct Ans-Specific deterrence. Which country routinely executes more people than the rest of the world combined? - Correct Ans-China Which is a type of sentencing plan that allows no leeway in the imposing of the sentence for a person convicted of a crime? - Correct Ans-Mandatory sentencing A capital offense is punishable by death.T/F? - Correct Ans-True Fines are one of the oldest criminal sanctions and are widely used. T/F? - Correct Ans True Victim impact statements generally have a profound impact on the sentence that a defendant receives. T/F? - Correct Ans-False The restorative justice principle is a goal of sentencing that seeks to make the victim "whole again." T/F? - Correct Ans-True Plea bargaining plays a major role in the state court system, but not in the federal system. T/F? - Correct Ans-False A continuing goal of victims' advocacy groups is an amendment to the U.S. Constitution. T/F? - Correct Ans-True Life without parole is the most extreme sentence a convicted felon can receive in any court. T/F? - Correct Ans-False CRIM 2040 CRIM 2040 Incapacitation is defined as the act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator. T/F? - Correct Ans-False Rehabilitation seeks to reform a criminal offender and change their behavior. T/F? - Correct Ans-True Good time is the amount of time deducted from time to be served in prison on a given sentence as a consequence of participation in special projects or programs. T/F? - Correct Ans-False Social debt is a sentencing principle that holds that an offender's criminal history should objectively be taken into account in sentencing decisions.T/F? - Correct Ans-True Justice reinvestment is a concept that prioritizes the use of alternatives to incarceration for persons convicted of eligible nonviolent offenses, standardizes the use of risk assessment instruments in pretrial detention, and authorizes the use of early-release mechanisms for prisoners who meet eligibility requirements.T/F? - Correct Ans-True The NVCAP organization seeks to gain tougher sentences for convicted child molesters.T/F? - Correct Ans-False Many states today have statutory provisions that provide for a sentence of capital punishment for especially repugnant crimes known as capital offenses.T/F? - Correct Ans-True Arbitrariness is one of the reasons used to try to abolish capital punishment. T/F? - Correct Ans-True ________ circumstances relate to the commission of a crime that may be considered to reduce the blameworthiness of the defendant. - Correct Ans-Mitigating The official suspension of criminal or juvenile proceedings against an alleged offender and the referral of that person to a treatment or care program is known as _______________. - Correct Ans-Diversion ________ sentencing is a model of criminal punishment that includes determinate and commission-created presumptive sentencing schemes, as well as voluntary/advisory sentencing guidelines. - Correct Ans-Structured The act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator is known as ______________ in criminal sentencing. - Correct Ans-Retribution ____________ is the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit future offenses. - Correct Ans-Incapacitation CRIM 2040 The amount of time deducted from time to be served in prison on a given sentence as a consequence of participation in special projects or programs is called _________ time. - Correct Ans-Gain Circumstances relating to the commission of a crime that call for a tougher sentence because of the cruelty or injury to the victim are called ______________ circumstances. - Correct Ans-Aggravating The ____________is the examination of a convicted offender's background prior to sentencing. These examinations are generally conducted by probation or parole officers and are submitted to sentencing authorities. - Correct Ans-PSI The Crime _____________ Rights Act establishes statutory rights for victims of federal crimes and gives them the necessary legal authority to assert those rights in federal court. The act grants the following rights to victims of federal crimes. - Correct Ans Victims' The in-court use of victim- or survivor-supplied information by sentencing authorities seeking to make an informed sentencing decision is known as the victim _______________ statement - Correct Ans-Impac