BPK 105 FINAL EXAM LATEST EDITION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | FALL 2025/2026 UPDATE |
100% CORRECT
Question 1
Briefly describe the functions of the digestive system
Correct Answer
Ingestion - Consumption through the mouth in solid or liquid form
Digestion -
Breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller absorbable molecules
Absorption -
Movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into the blood or lymphatic system
Elimination -
Removal of undigested material through feces
Page 1 of 36
,Question 2
Describe the structure and general functional roles of the four tunics (layers) of the digestive tract and briefly highlight the
differences between the different organs related to their specialized functions
Correct Answer
The four tunics include:
- Muscosa
Consists of the muscosa epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
- Submucosa
Thick layer of connective tissue that contains nerves, vessels and glands
- Muscularis
Inner layer of smooth muscle and outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle
- Serosa (Adventitia)
Smooth epethelial layer with connective tissue
Page 2 of 36
,Question 3
Name and describe the three phases of deglutition (swallowing). Include the relevant anatomy involved in each phase
Correct Answer
Divided into:
- Voluntary phase
Bolus or mass is formed in the mouth with the tongue pushing it towards the hard palate and into the oropharynx
- Pharyngeal phase
Soft palate elevates to block the nasopharynx keeping the larynx and pharynx elevated. Epiglottis is pushed down over
the larynx. Bolus is pushed into the esophagus.
- Esophageal phase
Peristaltic contractions move the bolus down the esophagus towards the stomach
Page 3 of 36
, Question 4
Describe the cephalic phase of stomach secretion. Include the function, stimulation for release and gland of origin of each
secretion.
Correct Answer
Smells of food and relevant thoughts trigger the medulla oblongata to influence gastric secretions.
The enteric plexus becomes stimulated by preganglionic neurons which stimulates secretory cells in the stomach to
release:
Hydrochloric acid
Mucus
Intrinsic factor
Gastrin
Histamine
All released by parietal and chief cells
Page 4 of 36
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | FALL 2025/2026 UPDATE |
100% CORRECT
Question 1
Briefly describe the functions of the digestive system
Correct Answer
Ingestion - Consumption through the mouth in solid or liquid form
Digestion -
Breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller absorbable molecules
Absorption -
Movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into the blood or lymphatic system
Elimination -
Removal of undigested material through feces
Page 1 of 36
,Question 2
Describe the structure and general functional roles of the four tunics (layers) of the digestive tract and briefly highlight the
differences between the different organs related to their specialized functions
Correct Answer
The four tunics include:
- Muscosa
Consists of the muscosa epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
- Submucosa
Thick layer of connective tissue that contains nerves, vessels and glands
- Muscularis
Inner layer of smooth muscle and outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle
- Serosa (Adventitia)
Smooth epethelial layer with connective tissue
Page 2 of 36
,Question 3
Name and describe the three phases of deglutition (swallowing). Include the relevant anatomy involved in each phase
Correct Answer
Divided into:
- Voluntary phase
Bolus or mass is formed in the mouth with the tongue pushing it towards the hard palate and into the oropharynx
- Pharyngeal phase
Soft palate elevates to block the nasopharynx keeping the larynx and pharynx elevated. Epiglottis is pushed down over
the larynx. Bolus is pushed into the esophagus.
- Esophageal phase
Peristaltic contractions move the bolus down the esophagus towards the stomach
Page 3 of 36
, Question 4
Describe the cephalic phase of stomach secretion. Include the function, stimulation for release and gland of origin of each
secretion.
Correct Answer
Smells of food and relevant thoughts trigger the medulla oblongata to influence gastric secretions.
The enteric plexus becomes stimulated by preganglionic neurons which stimulates secretory cells in the stomach to
release:
Hydrochloric acid
Mucus
Intrinsic factor
Gastrin
Histamine
All released by parietal and chief cells
Page 4 of 36
