PEDIATRIC CCRN FINAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH FULL CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What are the differences in treatment plans for Hypertrophic vs.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy? Answer: Hypertrophic treatment is careful
with the use of inotropes while inotropes and digoxin are used in
dilated treatment to improve contractility Beta agonist and Ca
channel blockers are used in hypertrophic to decrease afterload and
contractility while beta blockers are used in dilated to counter the
sympathetic stim.
◉ What are surgical interventions for Cardiomyopathy? Answer: -
Septal myotomy
-pacing
-transplant
-Fluid and sodium restriction
◉ What is Long QT Syndrome caused by? Answer: Defect in ion
channels of cardiac cells causing abnormal ventricular
repolarization, prolonged QT interval, and abnormal T wave
◉ What are triggers for Long QT syndrome? Answer: Exercise
,◉ What is the most common risk factor of Long QT syndrome?
Answer: Risk for torsades de pointes
◉ How can Long QT syndrome be managed? Answer: -ICD
-Denervation surgery
-Potassium rich diet
-Beta blockers
-sodium channel blockers
-omega 3 fatty acid supps
◉ What is the number 1 birth defect? Answer: Congenital Heart
diseases
◉ What is the leading cause of death in infancy from a birth defect?
Answer: Congenital Heart disease
◉ Name risk factors for Congenital Heart Disease Answer: Maternal
Age
Trisomy 21
alcohol ingestion
anti-convulsant ingestion
diabetes
rubella in pregnancy
,coxsackie virus exposure
◉ What is the difference between cyanotic and acyanotic congenital
heart disease? Answer: Acyanotic - L to R shunt
Cyanotic- R to L shunt
◉ What is the most common Congenital Heart Defect? Answer: VSD
◉ What is the difference in treatments for ASD vs. VSD Answer: ASD
uses Digoxin and VSD uses ACE inhibitors
◉ What is another name for an AV Canal? Answer: Endocardial
cushion defect
◉ What is the main manifestation of an AV canal? Answer: Increased
O2 sats in R side of heart upon cath lab. otherwise similar to ASD
and VSD
◉ What is the appropriate intervention for a hypotensive pt. with
increased PA pressure? Answer: hyperventilate, muscle relax,
oxygenate, maybe NO2
◉ What are 2 surgical procedures for AV Canal repair? Answer:
Sternotomy
, possible PA banding
◉ What are manifestations of a PDA Answer: machine like murmur
wide pulse pressure
low DBP
waterhammer pulse
◉ How is a PDA managed? Answer: Inducin
surgical coil or closure
◉ What are the main manifestations of a Coarction of the Aorta?
Answer: Increased BP in upper extremities and decreased pressure
in lower
Increased pressure to the head causes dizziness, headache, and
nosebleeds
◉ How do you manage a coarc. aorta? Answer: PGE
Balloon angioplasty
surgical repair
◉ What is aortic stenosis? Answer: Narrowing of the Aortic valve
QUESTIONS WITH FULL CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What are the differences in treatment plans for Hypertrophic vs.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy? Answer: Hypertrophic treatment is careful
with the use of inotropes while inotropes and digoxin are used in
dilated treatment to improve contractility Beta agonist and Ca
channel blockers are used in hypertrophic to decrease afterload and
contractility while beta blockers are used in dilated to counter the
sympathetic stim.
◉ What are surgical interventions for Cardiomyopathy? Answer: -
Septal myotomy
-pacing
-transplant
-Fluid and sodium restriction
◉ What is Long QT Syndrome caused by? Answer: Defect in ion
channels of cardiac cells causing abnormal ventricular
repolarization, prolonged QT interval, and abnormal T wave
◉ What are triggers for Long QT syndrome? Answer: Exercise
,◉ What is the most common risk factor of Long QT syndrome?
Answer: Risk for torsades de pointes
◉ How can Long QT syndrome be managed? Answer: -ICD
-Denervation surgery
-Potassium rich diet
-Beta blockers
-sodium channel blockers
-omega 3 fatty acid supps
◉ What is the number 1 birth defect? Answer: Congenital Heart
diseases
◉ What is the leading cause of death in infancy from a birth defect?
Answer: Congenital Heart disease
◉ Name risk factors for Congenital Heart Disease Answer: Maternal
Age
Trisomy 21
alcohol ingestion
anti-convulsant ingestion
diabetes
rubella in pregnancy
,coxsackie virus exposure
◉ What is the difference between cyanotic and acyanotic congenital
heart disease? Answer: Acyanotic - L to R shunt
Cyanotic- R to L shunt
◉ What is the most common Congenital Heart Defect? Answer: VSD
◉ What is the difference in treatments for ASD vs. VSD Answer: ASD
uses Digoxin and VSD uses ACE inhibitors
◉ What is another name for an AV Canal? Answer: Endocardial
cushion defect
◉ What is the main manifestation of an AV canal? Answer: Increased
O2 sats in R side of heart upon cath lab. otherwise similar to ASD
and VSD
◉ What is the appropriate intervention for a hypotensive pt. with
increased PA pressure? Answer: hyperventilate, muscle relax,
oxygenate, maybe NO2
◉ What are 2 surgical procedures for AV Canal repair? Answer:
Sternotomy
, possible PA banding
◉ What are manifestations of a PDA Answer: machine like murmur
wide pulse pressure
low DBP
waterhammer pulse
◉ How is a PDA managed? Answer: Inducin
surgical coil or closure
◉ What are the main manifestations of a Coarction of the Aorta?
Answer: Increased BP in upper extremities and decreased pressure
in lower
Increased pressure to the head causes dizziness, headache, and
nosebleeds
◉ How do you manage a coarc. aorta? Answer: PGE
Balloon angioplasty
surgical repair
◉ What is aortic stenosis? Answer: Narrowing of the Aortic valve
