ZOOL 2403 BOROS LECTURE EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
How is joint stability affected by range of movement? - answer -joint stability decreases
as mobility increases and vice versa
What are the 3 functional classifications of joints? - answer -immovable, slightly
moveable, and synovial
What are the 4 major components of a synovial joint? - answer -1.contains a cavity 2.
Surrounded by connective tissue capsule 3. Inner surface of capsule is lined by a
synovial membrane 4. Articular surfaces covered with articular cartilage
4 accessory structures of synovial joints? - answer -1.cartilage 2. Ligaments 3.
Tendons 4. Bursae
Where are synovial joints found? - answer -at the ends of long bones
When you are in anatomical position, all major joints are ______ - answer -extended
and adducted
What is an axis - answer -a straight line about which the body rotates
Flexion - answer -reduces the angle between 2 bones
Extension - answer -increases angle between 2 bones
Dorsiflexion - answer -extension at ankle (flexing of foot)
Plantar flexion - answer -flexion at ankle (pointing foot)
Lateral flexion - answer -bends vertebral column from side to side
Abduction - answer -(in frontal plane) moves away from your central axis
Adduction - answer -(in frontal plane) moves toward your central axis
Medial rotation - answer -rotates toward your central axis
Lateral rotation - answer -rotates away from central axis
Pronation - answer -rotates forearm- radius over ulna
Supination - answer -forearm in anatomical position-soupbowlination
, Protraction - answer -moves anteriorly (moving forward)
Retraction - answer -moves posteriorly (pulling back)
Elevation - answer -moves in superior direction (up, closing mouth)
Depression - answer -moves in inferior direction (down, opening mouth)
How does movement occur? - answer -when muscles contract
The 2 most common synovial joints? - answer -ball and socket and hinge joints
Examples of ball and socket joint - answer -shoulder joint and hip joint
Examples of hinge joints - answer -elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joint
4 tissue types - answer -connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue
What do connective tissues do? - answer -composed of cells and their secretory
products that fills in spaces between other cells and tissues
What does epithelial tissues do? - answer -composed of tightly packed cells that line all
body surfaces
What does muscle tissues do? - answer -composed of cells that contract for movement
What does nervous tissues do? - answer -composed of cells that send electrical signals
Fibroblast - answer -immature cells
Elastic cartilage - answer -only cartilage that contains elastic fibers, very flexible, bendy
and stretchy (ear and larynx)
Fibrocartilage - answer -only cartilage that contains large collagen fiber bundles, very
durable, tough, resists compression, good for shock-absorbing and weight bearing
surfaces. Found in intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, and pubic symphsis
Perichondrium - answer -connective tissue that wraps cartilage and set cartilage apart
from surrounding tissues
3 major cell types of cartilage tissue - answer -chondrocytes, chondroblasts, and
chondroclasts
Chondroclasts? - answer -clast=destroyer located in the inner cellular layer of the
perichondrium -phagocytic cells dissolve cartilage (helpful in bone development)
How is joint stability affected by range of movement? - answer -joint stability decreases
as mobility increases and vice versa
What are the 3 functional classifications of joints? - answer -immovable, slightly
moveable, and synovial
What are the 4 major components of a synovial joint? - answer -1.contains a cavity 2.
Surrounded by connective tissue capsule 3. Inner surface of capsule is lined by a
synovial membrane 4. Articular surfaces covered with articular cartilage
4 accessory structures of synovial joints? - answer -1.cartilage 2. Ligaments 3.
Tendons 4. Bursae
Where are synovial joints found? - answer -at the ends of long bones
When you are in anatomical position, all major joints are ______ - answer -extended
and adducted
What is an axis - answer -a straight line about which the body rotates
Flexion - answer -reduces the angle between 2 bones
Extension - answer -increases angle between 2 bones
Dorsiflexion - answer -extension at ankle (flexing of foot)
Plantar flexion - answer -flexion at ankle (pointing foot)
Lateral flexion - answer -bends vertebral column from side to side
Abduction - answer -(in frontal plane) moves away from your central axis
Adduction - answer -(in frontal plane) moves toward your central axis
Medial rotation - answer -rotates toward your central axis
Lateral rotation - answer -rotates away from central axis
Pronation - answer -rotates forearm- radius over ulna
Supination - answer -forearm in anatomical position-soupbowlination
, Protraction - answer -moves anteriorly (moving forward)
Retraction - answer -moves posteriorly (pulling back)
Elevation - answer -moves in superior direction (up, closing mouth)
Depression - answer -moves in inferior direction (down, opening mouth)
How does movement occur? - answer -when muscles contract
The 2 most common synovial joints? - answer -ball and socket and hinge joints
Examples of ball and socket joint - answer -shoulder joint and hip joint
Examples of hinge joints - answer -elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joint
4 tissue types - answer -connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue
What do connective tissues do? - answer -composed of cells and their secretory
products that fills in spaces between other cells and tissues
What does epithelial tissues do? - answer -composed of tightly packed cells that line all
body surfaces
What does muscle tissues do? - answer -composed of cells that contract for movement
What does nervous tissues do? - answer -composed of cells that send electrical signals
Fibroblast - answer -immature cells
Elastic cartilage - answer -only cartilage that contains elastic fibers, very flexible, bendy
and stretchy (ear and larynx)
Fibrocartilage - answer -only cartilage that contains large collagen fiber bundles, very
durable, tough, resists compression, good for shock-absorbing and weight bearing
surfaces. Found in intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, and pubic symphsis
Perichondrium - answer -connective tissue that wraps cartilage and set cartilage apart
from surrounding tissues
3 major cell types of cartilage tissue - answer -chondrocytes, chondroblasts, and
chondroclasts
Chondroclasts? - answer -clast=destroyer located in the inner cellular layer of the
perichondrium -phagocytic cells dissolve cartilage (helpful in bone development)
