Psychotherapy Test 1 Solved Verified
Define boundary issues - ANSWER-Boundary issues mostly refer to the therapist's self-
disclosure, touch, exchange of gifts, bartering and fees, length and location of sessions
and contact outside the office
Define counter-transference - ANSWER-• The reaction of the therapist toward the client
that may interfere with objectivity
• Not always detrimental to the therapeutic goals; can provide important means of
understanding your client's world
• Countertransference reactions must be monitored so that they are used to promote
understanding of the client and the therapeutic process (rather than taking them at 'face
value')
• All of the therapists feelings and attitudes towards the client
Define the term transference? - ANSWER-• "when a client reacts to the therapist as
s/he did to an earlier significant other"
• The patients makes assumptions about the therapist's likes and dislikes, attitude
toward the patient, life outside the office, and so forth
• We all distort our experiences in the presence due to the transference of what we
'learned' from past experiences/relationship
• Meaning that the client transfers onto the therapist the old patterns and repetitions
• Keep a mental note of potential transference reactions
Describe stage 2 of the skilled helper model - ANSWER-• As a counsellor, an important
task is not let the session be 'problem saturated', but to help the client to explore
desired outcomes
• This will come easily to some clients, while others may struggle and need to provide
direction (some clients want others to change)
• Part of the counsellor's role I this stage is to help the client to create relevant and
realistic goals which they are motivated to attain
Describe Stage 3 of the skilled helper model - ANSWER-• As a counsellor, part of our
role is to help clients get a sense of what they need to do to attain their goal
• Important that proposed strategies 'fit' the clients sense of what they value and what
they can do: sometimes based in the best practices (i.e. CBT, RP), sometimes co-
created by client and counsellor
• Often involves 'homework' or tasks to complete/attempt between sessions
Describe stage one of the skilled helper model? - ANSWER-• As counsellor, your initial
task is to get a sense of what the client's problems, issues or concerns are
• You are helping the client to 'tell their story'
• You are responding to the story in a way that lets the student know you
empathize/understand
, • You provide feedback/reflection and/or ask questions which help you, and perhaps
even the client, to better understand their story
• It is important to note that there is certain information that you will have to collect/get
details about, as they must be included in your clinical notes: mental health symptoms -
if a person alludes to mental health issues such as depression or anxiety, you should
probe for specific symptoms, substance use - if a person mentioned that they struggle
with substance use (or that others are concerned), you should attempt to find out what
they are using, how often and 'how' and suicidality- if a person mentions and they
struggle with suicidal thoughts, you need to explore this in more detail
Describe the 'skilled helper model' for structuring counselling sessions? - ANSWER-
Stage one - the current picture ('what's going on")
Stage two - the preferred picture ('what do I need or want")
Stage three- the way forward ('How do I get what I need or want?")
The action arrow ('making it happen')
Describe the Action Arrow in the skilled helper model - ANSWER-• Much of your ability
to be effective in any stage of the counselling relationship will be based on the quality of
your report/attunement with the person with whom you are working
• It will also be important for you to directly or indirectly help the client to feel inspired,
empowered and at 'the centre of the change process' in order for them to maintain
motivation
• The client need to trust you-both as a person and as an 'expert'
In the past decade in Ontario, we have seen several shifts in mental health and
addictions counselling. These include: - ANSWER-Establishment of the psychotherapy
act in 2007
Establishment of mental health act 1990
Movement away from institutionalized care
Expansion of community-based treatment services
Recognition of addictions/mental health conditions as "disabilities" (Ontario Human
Rights Commission)
Creation of multidisciplinary teams
Increased focus on prevention and early intervention
What are 7 key elements to consider when working with a cross-cultural client? -
ANSWER-1. World view
2. Personal priorities, values, and beliefs
3. Individualistic or collectivist identity emphasis
4. Verbal and emotional expressiveness
5. Style of communication
6. Possible language issues/misunderstandings
7. Relationship expectations
What are characteristics of a good helping relationship? - ANSWER-• Safe/protective
atmosphere for clients
Define boundary issues - ANSWER-Boundary issues mostly refer to the therapist's self-
disclosure, touch, exchange of gifts, bartering and fees, length and location of sessions
and contact outside the office
Define counter-transference - ANSWER-• The reaction of the therapist toward the client
that may interfere with objectivity
• Not always detrimental to the therapeutic goals; can provide important means of
understanding your client's world
• Countertransference reactions must be monitored so that they are used to promote
understanding of the client and the therapeutic process (rather than taking them at 'face
value')
• All of the therapists feelings and attitudes towards the client
Define the term transference? - ANSWER-• "when a client reacts to the therapist as
s/he did to an earlier significant other"
• The patients makes assumptions about the therapist's likes and dislikes, attitude
toward the patient, life outside the office, and so forth
• We all distort our experiences in the presence due to the transference of what we
'learned' from past experiences/relationship
• Meaning that the client transfers onto the therapist the old patterns and repetitions
• Keep a mental note of potential transference reactions
Describe stage 2 of the skilled helper model - ANSWER-• As a counsellor, an important
task is not let the session be 'problem saturated', but to help the client to explore
desired outcomes
• This will come easily to some clients, while others may struggle and need to provide
direction (some clients want others to change)
• Part of the counsellor's role I this stage is to help the client to create relevant and
realistic goals which they are motivated to attain
Describe Stage 3 of the skilled helper model - ANSWER-• As a counsellor, part of our
role is to help clients get a sense of what they need to do to attain their goal
• Important that proposed strategies 'fit' the clients sense of what they value and what
they can do: sometimes based in the best practices (i.e. CBT, RP), sometimes co-
created by client and counsellor
• Often involves 'homework' or tasks to complete/attempt between sessions
Describe stage one of the skilled helper model? - ANSWER-• As counsellor, your initial
task is to get a sense of what the client's problems, issues or concerns are
• You are helping the client to 'tell their story'
• You are responding to the story in a way that lets the student know you
empathize/understand
, • You provide feedback/reflection and/or ask questions which help you, and perhaps
even the client, to better understand their story
• It is important to note that there is certain information that you will have to collect/get
details about, as they must be included in your clinical notes: mental health symptoms -
if a person alludes to mental health issues such as depression or anxiety, you should
probe for specific symptoms, substance use - if a person mentioned that they struggle
with substance use (or that others are concerned), you should attempt to find out what
they are using, how often and 'how' and suicidality- if a person mentions and they
struggle with suicidal thoughts, you need to explore this in more detail
Describe the 'skilled helper model' for structuring counselling sessions? - ANSWER-
Stage one - the current picture ('what's going on")
Stage two - the preferred picture ('what do I need or want")
Stage three- the way forward ('How do I get what I need or want?")
The action arrow ('making it happen')
Describe the Action Arrow in the skilled helper model - ANSWER-• Much of your ability
to be effective in any stage of the counselling relationship will be based on the quality of
your report/attunement with the person with whom you are working
• It will also be important for you to directly or indirectly help the client to feel inspired,
empowered and at 'the centre of the change process' in order for them to maintain
motivation
• The client need to trust you-both as a person and as an 'expert'
In the past decade in Ontario, we have seen several shifts in mental health and
addictions counselling. These include: - ANSWER-Establishment of the psychotherapy
act in 2007
Establishment of mental health act 1990
Movement away from institutionalized care
Expansion of community-based treatment services
Recognition of addictions/mental health conditions as "disabilities" (Ontario Human
Rights Commission)
Creation of multidisciplinary teams
Increased focus on prevention and early intervention
What are 7 key elements to consider when working with a cross-cultural client? -
ANSWER-1. World view
2. Personal priorities, values, and beliefs
3. Individualistic or collectivist identity emphasis
4. Verbal and emotional expressiveness
5. Style of communication
6. Possible language issues/misunderstandings
7. Relationship expectations
What are characteristics of a good helping relationship? - ANSWER-• Safe/protective
atmosphere for clients
