NSG 229 Study Guide Test Questions
and All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Functions of the bone - Answer support, protect, voluntary movement, blood cell
production, stability, storage
What changes occur in muscles as a result of aging - Answer - increase bone resorption and
decrease bone formation= loss of bone density
- muscle mass and strength decrease
-changes in balance
-proprioception
-deterioration of cartilage
-decrease in ability to release glycogen
-decrease basal metabolic rate
Explain the role of estrogen in the occurrence of osteoporosis - Answer - estrogen deficiency
can lead to excessive bone resorption accompanied by inadequate bone formation
-estrogen deficiency increases number of osteoclasts and decreases number of osteoblasts
resulting in overall bone resorption
Describe the purpose of dual-energy x-ray absorpitometry (DEXA) as a diagnostic test - Answer
- Measures bone mineral density of spine, femur, forearm, total body
- allows assessment of bone density w/ minimal radiation exposure
- diagnoses metabolic bone disease (osteoporosis), monitors changes in density
List Dietary sources of calcium - Answer - milk
- cheese
- ice cream
, Summarize what should be observed during the physical assessment of a patient with a
problem with musculoskeletal system - Answer Subjective Data:
-important health info
-meds: OTC, herbal, detrimental to musculo; osteomalacia, cortico, k+ depleting
functional health patterns:
---nutritional: intake of Vitamin C, D, Calcium, protein
Objective Data:
-physical exam: butterfly rash over cheeks and nose,
Motion: active, passive
Active vs. Passive - Answer Active: pt takes own joints through movement
Passive: someone else moves pt joints w/o their assistance
goniometer: assess ROM
Scoliosis - Answer Lateral S shape curve of thoracic and lumbar spine
Straight leg: - Answer Done supine with sciatic pain
- raise leg 60 degrees or less
- if pt reports pain along distribution of sciatic nerve it is positive
Muscle Strength testing - Answer 0/5: no detection of muscular contraction
1/5: Barely detectable flicker or trace of contraction w/ observation and palpation
2/5: Active movement of body part w/ elimination of gravity
3/5: Active movement against gravity only and not against resistace
4/5: Active movement against gravity and some resistance
5/5: Active movement against full resistance w/o evident fatigue
identify the Nursing Diagnosis/ pblm statements that are commonly used for its with
musculoskeletal problems - Answer - osteoarthritis
and All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Functions of the bone - Answer support, protect, voluntary movement, blood cell
production, stability, storage
What changes occur in muscles as a result of aging - Answer - increase bone resorption and
decrease bone formation= loss of bone density
- muscle mass and strength decrease
-changes in balance
-proprioception
-deterioration of cartilage
-decrease in ability to release glycogen
-decrease basal metabolic rate
Explain the role of estrogen in the occurrence of osteoporosis - Answer - estrogen deficiency
can lead to excessive bone resorption accompanied by inadequate bone formation
-estrogen deficiency increases number of osteoclasts and decreases number of osteoblasts
resulting in overall bone resorption
Describe the purpose of dual-energy x-ray absorpitometry (DEXA) as a diagnostic test - Answer
- Measures bone mineral density of spine, femur, forearm, total body
- allows assessment of bone density w/ minimal radiation exposure
- diagnoses metabolic bone disease (osteoporosis), monitors changes in density
List Dietary sources of calcium - Answer - milk
- cheese
- ice cream
, Summarize what should be observed during the physical assessment of a patient with a
problem with musculoskeletal system - Answer Subjective Data:
-important health info
-meds: OTC, herbal, detrimental to musculo; osteomalacia, cortico, k+ depleting
functional health patterns:
---nutritional: intake of Vitamin C, D, Calcium, protein
Objective Data:
-physical exam: butterfly rash over cheeks and nose,
Motion: active, passive
Active vs. Passive - Answer Active: pt takes own joints through movement
Passive: someone else moves pt joints w/o their assistance
goniometer: assess ROM
Scoliosis - Answer Lateral S shape curve of thoracic and lumbar spine
Straight leg: - Answer Done supine with sciatic pain
- raise leg 60 degrees or less
- if pt reports pain along distribution of sciatic nerve it is positive
Muscle Strength testing - Answer 0/5: no detection of muscular contraction
1/5: Barely detectable flicker or trace of contraction w/ observation and palpation
2/5: Active movement of body part w/ elimination of gravity
3/5: Active movement against gravity only and not against resistace
4/5: Active movement against gravity and some resistance
5/5: Active movement against full resistance w/o evident fatigue
identify the Nursing Diagnosis/ pblm statements that are commonly used for its with
musculoskeletal problems - Answer - osteoarthritis
