,Chapter 01: Microbes Shape Our History
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
9%
1. Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of microorganisms?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. nitrogen fixation 9% c. synthesis of vitamins 9% 9%
b. production of fermented foods 9% 9%d. causative agents of disease 9% 9 % 9% 9% 9%
ANS: D 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1a Describe how we define a microbe, and explain why the definition is a challenge.MS
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % C: Re
9%
membering
2. A microbe that is 50 nm in size would most likely be
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. fungi.
9 % c. virus.
b. E. coli.
9 % 9% d. algae.
ANS: C 9 % DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % et
9%
hree domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% 9% 9% MSC: Applying 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
3. Based on the figure shown, the type of organism indicated with an arrow could be a
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. virus. c. macroscopic fungi. 9%
b. bacteria. d. large ameba.
9 % 9%
ANS: B 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % et
9%
hree domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% 9% 9% MSC: Applying 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
4. Based on the figure, the type of organism shown is a(n)
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
, a. virus. c. archaea.
b. bacteria. d. eukaryote.
9 %
ANS: D 9 % DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Applying
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
5. Which of the following demonstrates correct scientific notation of a bacterial organism?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. Staphylococcus Epidermidis c. Staphylococcus epidermidis
9% 9%
b. Staphylococcus epidermidis d. Staphylococcus Epidermidis
9% 9 % 9%
ANS: C 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Applying
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
6. Which key characteristic differentiates a prokaryote from a eukaryote?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. the absence of proteins
9% 9% 9%
b. the presence of DNA
9% 9% 9%
c. the absence of membrane-bound organelles
9% 9% 9% 9%
d. the presence of a cell wall
9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
ANS: C 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Remembering
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
7. Which of the following methods for classifying life forms can best be used to distinguish between twoc
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % l
osely related rod-shaped bacterial organisms, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. physical characteristics 9% c. DNA sequence comparison 9% 9%
b. method of reproduction 9% 9% d. environmental habitat 9 % 9%
ANS: C 9 % DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Applying
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
8. Which of the following is always classified as a eukaryote?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. papillomavirus c. Escherichia coli 9%
b. methanogen d. yeast
ANS: D 9% DIF: Moderate REF: 9 % 1.1
, OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Understanding
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
9. Which of the following has been used as a tool for gene therapy?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. viruses c. protozoa
b. archaea d. fungi 9 %
ANS: A 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Understanding
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
10. Which of the following would you not expect to find in the human digestive tract?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. archaea c. bacteria
b. algae d. intestinal viruses 9 % 9%
ANS: B 9 % DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Understanding
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
11. Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic drugs that function by inhibiting an important cellular structure or p rocess
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % 9%
of an organism that is causing an infection. Which of the following would not be affected byan antibiotic th
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
at targets cellular metabolic enzymes?
9% 9% 9% 9%
a. Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria c. ameba 9% 9%
b. Herpes virus 9% d. bread mold 9 % 9%
ANS: B 9 % DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1c Define viruses, and explain how they relate to living cells.MS C: A
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % 9%
nalyzing
12. Which scientist is credited with constructing the first microscope?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
9 % 9% c. Robert Hooke
9% 9%
b. Catherine of Siena
9 % 9% d. Louis Pasteur
9% 9%
ANS: C 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 9%
OBJ: 1.2a Explain how microbial diseases have changed human history. MS
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 %
C: Remembering
9%
13. Which of the following was an unexpected benefit of the bubonic plague?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. There was no benefit to the bubonic plague.
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
b. The population of Europe experienced a baby boom.
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
c. It resulted in a better understanding of aseptic practices and how to prevent the spread ofi
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % nfection.
d. The population decline enabled the cultural advancement of the Renaissance.
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
ANS: D 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 9%
OBJ: 1.2a Explain how microbialgdiseases have changed human history. MS
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 %
C: Understanding
9%
14. Which of the following organisms would you NOT be able to see using Robert Hooke’s microscope?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. vinegar eels 9% c. mold filaments 9%
b. dust mites 9% d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 9%
ANS: D 9% DIF: Moderate REF: 9 % 1.2
g g g g g
MULTIPLE CHOICE
9%
1. Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of microorganisms?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. nitrogen fixation 9% c. synthesis of vitamins 9% 9%
b. production of fermented foods 9% 9%d. causative agents of disease 9% 9 % 9% 9% 9%
ANS: D 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1a Describe how we define a microbe, and explain why the definition is a challenge.MS
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % C: Re
9%
membering
2. A microbe that is 50 nm in size would most likely be
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. fungi.
9 % c. virus.
b. E. coli.
9 % 9% d. algae.
ANS: C 9 % DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % et
9%
hree domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% 9% 9% MSC: Applying 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
3. Based on the figure shown, the type of organism indicated with an arrow could be a
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. virus. c. macroscopic fungi. 9%
b. bacteria. d. large ameba.
9 % 9%
ANS: B 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % et
9%
hree domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% 9% 9% MSC: Applying 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
4. Based on the figure, the type of organism shown is a(n)
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
, a. virus. c. archaea.
b. bacteria. d. eukaryote.
9 %
ANS: D 9 % DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Applying
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
5. Which of the following demonstrates correct scientific notation of a bacterial organism?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. Staphylococcus Epidermidis c. Staphylococcus epidermidis
9% 9%
b. Staphylococcus epidermidis d. Staphylococcus Epidermidis
9% 9 % 9%
ANS: C 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Applying
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
6. Which key characteristic differentiates a prokaryote from a eukaryote?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. the absence of proteins
9% 9% 9%
b. the presence of DNA
9% 9% 9%
c. the absence of membrane-bound organelles
9% 9% 9% 9%
d. the presence of a cell wall
9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
ANS: C 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Remembering
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
7. Which of the following methods for classifying life forms can best be used to distinguish between twoc
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % l
osely related rod-shaped bacterial organisms, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. physical characteristics 9% c. DNA sequence comparison 9% 9%
b. method of reproduction 9% 9% d. environmental habitat 9 % 9%
ANS: C 9 % DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Applying
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
8. Which of the following is always classified as a eukaryote?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. papillomavirus c. Escherichia coli 9%
b. methanogen d. yeast
ANS: D 9% DIF: Moderate REF: 9 % 1.1
, OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Understanding
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
9. Which of the following has been used as a tool for gene therapy?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. viruses c. protozoa
b. archaea d. fungi 9 %
ANS: A 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Understanding
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
10. Which of the following would you not expect to find in the human digestive tract?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. archaea c. bacteria
b. algae d. intestinal viruses 9 % 9%
ANS: B 9 % DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain whatth
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % e 9%
three domains have in common and how they differ.
9% 9% MSC: Understanding
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
11. Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic drugs that function by inhibiting an important cellular structure or p rocess
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % 9%
of an organism that is causing an infection. Which of the following would not be affected byan antibiotic th
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
at targets cellular metabolic enzymes?
9% 9% 9% 9%
a. Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria c. ameba 9% 9%
b. Herpes virus 9% d. bread mold 9 % 9%
ANS: B 9 % DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 9%
OBJ: 1.1c Define viruses, and explain how they relate to living cells.MS C: A
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % 9%
nalyzing
12. Which scientist is credited with constructing the first microscope?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
9 % 9% c. Robert Hooke
9% 9%
b. Catherine of Siena
9 % 9% d. Louis Pasteur
9% 9%
ANS: C 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 9%
OBJ: 1.2a Explain how microbial diseases have changed human history. MS
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 %
C: Remembering
9%
13. Which of the following was an unexpected benefit of the bubonic plague?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. There was no benefit to the bubonic plague.
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
b. The population of Europe experienced a baby boom.
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
c. It resulted in a better understanding of aseptic practices and how to prevent the spread ofi
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 % nfection.
d. The population decline enabled the cultural advancement of the Renaissance.
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
ANS: D 9 % DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 9%
OBJ: 1.2a Explain how microbialgdiseases have changed human history. MS
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9 %
C: Understanding
9%
14. Which of the following organisms would you NOT be able to see using Robert Hooke’s microscope?
9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
a. vinegar eels 9% c. mold filaments 9%
b. dust mites 9% d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 9%
ANS: D 9% DIF: Moderate REF: 9 % 1.2
