Oncology,

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Cancer/neoplasia v- vCORRECT✅✅uncontrolled vgrowth vof vabnormal, vuseless vcells

oncology v- vCORRECT✅✅study vof vcancer

tumor v- vCORRECT✅✅a vbenign vor vmaignant vmass

hyperplasia v- vCORRECT✅✅increase vin vnumber vof vcells

dysplasia v- vCORRECT✅✅general vdisorganization vof vcells

metaplasia v- vCORRECT✅✅change vfrom vone vcell vtype vto vanother; vearly vsign vof
vcancer


anaplasia v- vCORRECT✅✅complete vundifferentiation vof vcells, valways vmalignant

stem vcells vand vprogenitor vcells v- vCORRECT✅✅undifferentiated vcells vthat
vmitotically vdivide


cancer vgrowth vis: v- vCORRECT✅✅autonomous, vexcessive, vdisorganized

autonomous vcancer vgrowth v- vCORRECT✅✅cancer vdoesn't vneed vsignal vto vgrow

excessive vcancer vgrowth v- vCORRECT✅✅nothing vlimits vthe vgrowth vof vcancer

disorganized vcancer vgrowth v- vCORRECT✅✅growth vdoes vnot vlook vlike voriginal
vcell


ways vto vclassify vtumors v- vCORRECT✅✅cell vtype, vtissue vof vorigin, vdegree vof
vdifferentiation, vclinical vpresentation, vhistologic vpresentation


benign vtumors v- vCORRECT✅✅remain vlocalized, vgrow vslower, vdo vno vinfiltrate
vother vtissues vor vmetastasize vto vdistal vsites, vgenerally veasy vto vremove v(remain
vencapsulated), vcells vremain vwell vdifferentiated v(retaining vsome voriginal vstructure
vand vfunction), vcells vare vmore vhomogenous, vnormal vnumber vof vchromosomes


malignant vtumors v- vCORRECT✅✅more vrapid vgrowth, vcan vinfiltrate vand/or
vmetastasize, vnonencapsulated v(legs, vno vborders), vcells vare vmore vheterogenous
vand vnot vwell vdifferentiated, vcells vhave vabnormal vchromosomal vmakeup

, -oma vsuffix v- vCORRECT✅✅indicates vcancer, vnormally vpaired vwith vprefix vthat
vindicates vlocation vof vbenign vtumors


carcinomas v- vCORRECT✅✅malignant vtumors varising vfrom vepithelial vcells

sarcomas v- vCORRECT✅✅malignant vtumors varising vfrom vmesenchymal vtissues
v(CT vsuch vas vbone, vmuscles, vfat, vcartilage, vfibrous vtissue, vvessels)


lymphomas v- vCORRECT✅✅malignant vcancers voriginating vin vlymph vsystem v(not
vbenign vas vprefix vwith v-oma vindicates)


leukemias v- vCORRECT✅✅malignant vcancers varising vfrom vblood-forming vtissues;
vdoes vnot vform vsolid vtumors; vprimarily vaffects vWBC's


TNM vsystem vof vstaging vtumors v(American vJoint vCommittee von vCancer) v-
vCORRECT✅✅T=tumor v(size, vat vsite vof vorigin v(in vsitu))
N v= vregional vlymph vnode vinvolvement
M v= vmetastasis vto vdistal vsite
X v= vcan't vdetermine v
*numbers vfor veach vletter; vthis vsystem vused vprimarily vat vphysician vlevel

Ann vArbor vStaging vsystem v- vCORRECT✅✅stage v0 v- vcarcinoma vin vsitu
stage v1 v- vearly, vlocal vcancer
stage v2 v- vincreased vsize vand vrisk vof vmetastasis
stage v3 v- vmore vspread vof vCA
stage v4 v- vdiffuse vspread vof vCA

grading vof vtumors v- vCORRECT✅✅I v- vwell vdifferentiated
II v- vmoderately vwell-differentiated
III v& vIV v- vpoorly vdifferentiated

most vcommon vCA vfor vmen v- vCORRECT✅✅prostate vcancer

most vcommon vCA vfor vwomen v- vCORRECT✅✅breast vcancer

cancer vwith vhighest vmortality vrate v- vCORRECT✅✅lung vcancer

exogenous vetiologic vfactors vof vcancer v- vCORRECT✅✅carcinogens vcan vbe
vchemicals v(alcohol, vhormones), vphysical vagents v(forms vof vradiation), vbiologic
v(primarily vviruses vsince vthey vincorporate vinto vDNA), vall vwhich vcause vgene
vmutations


endogenous vetiologic vfactors vof vcancer v- vCORRECT✅✅etiologic vfactors vin vcancer
vreside vin vthe vgenome