NURS 550 REVISED STANDARD EXAM 3 2025

NURS 550 REVISED STANDARD EXAM 3 2025 Mammography recommendations - -Mammography: For masses. If results are different from clinical exam, trust your exam findings. May have a false negative- not infallible. Continue work up process even with negative mammogram. Screening mammography: USPSTF: begin every 2 year screening at 50, d/c at age 75. May start in 40s dep. On risk factors. Others say at 40 and every year. BIRADS: standardized system of reporting. Quality assurance. Frequency of clinical breast exam - -For women who are at average risk of breast cancer and who do not have symptoms, the following are suggested: Clinical breast exam every 1-3 years for women aged 25-39 years Clinical breast exam every year for women aged 40 years and older Blood typing - -The blood of one person is different from another's due to the presence of antigens on the surface of the erythrocytes. The major method of typing blood is the ABO system and includes types A, B, O, and AB. The other major method of typing blood is the Rh factor, consisting of the two types, Rh+ and Rh-. Cytomegalovirus - -A group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms. Can cause a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to unborn child. Testing for cytomegalovirus - - Estrogen fraction - -Estradiol (E2) is the most potent estrogen produced in the ovary. FSH & LH stimulate ovary to produce E2, peaks during ovulatory phase of menstrual cycle. Used to eval menstrual and fertility problems, menopausal status, sexual maturity, gynecomastic, feminization syndromes or as a tumor marker of pts w/ ovarian tumors. Estrone (E1) is secreted by the ovary but mostly converted from androstendione in peripheral tissues, it is the major circulating estrogen after menopause. Estriol (E3) is major estrogen in pregnant female. Urine & blood studies for E3 provide objective means of assessing placental function and fetal normality in high risk pregnancies. Luteinizing hormone (LH) - -made in pituitary gland and triggers release of egg from ovary (ovulation). spikes just before ovulation. An LH test works closely with another hormone called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to control sexual function Nurs 550 Nurs 550 FSH - -A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the gonads. In females, FSH stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles (oogenesis) and secrete estrogen; in males, FSH stimulates spermatogenesis. Controls the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries. FSH levels in women change throughout the menstrual cycle, with the highest levels happening just before an egg is released by the ovary. This is known as ovulation. Maternal testing - -AFP:16-18 weeks glucose screening: 24-28 weeks Group B strep (GBS): 35-36 weeks Newborn metabolic screening - -- heelprick -PKU - Maple Syrup Urine Disease - Galactosemia - Congenital Hypothyroidism Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) - -hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone Progesterone assay - -occur predictably around time of LH peak ELISA: quick, +/- accurate: image of OvuCheck, PreMate & slide - color change RIA: slow, +++ accurate - slower turnaround - or chemoluminescence Assesses for if ovulation is occuring Rubella antibody titer - -Assesses level of antibody against rubella in pt's blood and to determine wether woman is immune to rubella Syphilis detection - -RPR detects nontreponemal antibody called regain, which reacts to phospholipids similar to lipids in the membrane of T. pallidum, non specific and lacks sensitivity. The treponemal test FTA-ABS is an assay for more specific Ab. During early primary syphilis the first Abs to appear are IgM, w/ IgG Abs reaching significant titers later in primary phase. As progresses, IgG T.pallidum Abs reach peak titers & persist indefinitely, regardless of course. IgM does not pass placenta so neonate w/ positive = neonatal infection. Testosterone testing - -the test is mostly used for symptoms of low T levels (testosterone levels which are too low). Testosterone levels tend to decrease with age. Nurs 550 Nurs 550 But other health issues may also cause low T, such as thyroid problems, long-lasting illness, or problems with the testicles. blood sample in a.m. between 7-10 total testosterone - -measures free testosterone and testosterone that's attached to proteins. This is the most common type of test. Free testosterone - -measures only the "active" form of testosterone. This test is less common, but it may be useful for diagnosing certain medical conditions. Bioavailable testosterone - -measures free testosterone and testosterone that's loosely attached to a blood protein called albumin. This test isn't commonly done. But like a free testosterone test, it may help diagnose certain medical conditions. Symptoms of low testosterone in males - -Low sex drive Erectile disfunction or "ED" (difficulty getting an erection) Infertility (difficulty getting someone pregnant) Enlarged breasts Lack of face or body hair Thinning bones or anemia without a known cause Loss of muscle mass Toxoplasmosis antibody titer - -The toxoplasma blood test looks for antibodies in the blood to a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. Testing for syphilis - -VDRL!! darkfield microscopy of lesion or immunoflurescence Serologic tests (VRDL) (RPR) every week for 6 weeks or until positive (usually 3-6 weeks after infection or 2-3 weeks after chancre) Treponemal antibody tests - FTA-ABS or MHA-TP are more sensitive and specific, but remain positive despite therapy Colposcopy - -visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope Nonstress test, fetal - -A nonstress test is used to check a baby's heart rate before birth. The test is usually done in the third trimester of pregnancy, most often between weeks 38 and 42. belt HR monitor placed over preg. woman abdomen and she pushes button every time she feels fetal movement Why do a nonstress fetal test - -Your baby doesn't seem to be moving as much as usual. You are overdue. You have a chronic medical condition such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, or a clotting disorder. You had complications in a previous pregnancy.