ANTH 1006 Final Exam Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
Culture - ANSWER -social rules and expectations that you are inherited and learned
-- shared wit others and make you a part of a group
-a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that
they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by
communication and imitation from one generation to the next
-systems of human thought and behavior; what humans carry with them
Characteristics/aspects of culture - ANSWER -learned
-shared
-symbolic
-integrated
-dynamic
Enculturation - ANSWER -learned culture
-taking in another culture's idea into your own
-the gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a
person, another culture, etc.
Cultural relativism - ANSWER -not judging other cultures
-the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the
viewpoint of that culture itself
Ethnocentrism - ANSWER -using your own morals of your culture as a judge of other
cultures
-evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the
,standards and customs of one's own culture
Mechanisms of culture change - ANSWER -diffusion
-acculturation
-independent invention
Cultural diffusion - ANSWER -The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from
one group to another
-The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions and nationalities
has increased with advanced communication, transportation and technology
Acculturation - ANSWER 1 : cultural modification of an individual, group, or people
by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture; also : a merging of cultures
as a result of prolonged contact.
2 : the process by which a human being acquires the culture of a particular society
from infancy.
Independent Invetion - ANSWER -parallelism
-A theory that a few of the total mass of cultural traits possessed and shared by the
peoples of the world have been invented more than once.
-The theory maintains the likelihood of new ideas, such as the invention of copper
and iron working, or the erection of particular types of monumental building, were
invented in more than one place at the same or different times, opposing the theory
of diffusion
Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) - ANSWER -anatomically modern humans AMH
-this is us (present day humans)
-natural chin
-we evolved directly from archaic homo sapiens (200,000-50,000 years ago)
, Two approaches to biological diversity - ANSWER -racial classification
-explanatory approach
Racial Classification - ANSWER Race, as a social construct, is a group of people who
share similar and distinct physical characteristics
Explanatory approach - ANSWER -focuses on understanding specific differences
-biological differences are real, important, and apparent to all of us
Human Biological Variation - ANSWER -clines
-skin color/melanin
-Bergmann's rule
Clines - ANSWER -to possess or exhibit gradient
-to lean
-describes an ecotone in which a series of biocommunities display a continuous
gradient
Skin Color/Melanin - ANSWER -skin color depends on many factors including
reddening caused by inflammation, the hemoglobin level in the blood, and the
darkening caused by increased deposition of the pigment melanin
-Melanin: a dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the
eye in people and animals, responsible for tanning of skin exposed to sunlight
Bergmann's Rule - ANSWER -an ecogeographic principle that states that within a
broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are
found in colder environments, and species of smaller size are found in warmer
regions
-EX) tall, dark, thin --> south & short, light, fat --> north
Complete Solutions
Culture - ANSWER -social rules and expectations that you are inherited and learned
-- shared wit others and make you a part of a group
-a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that
they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by
communication and imitation from one generation to the next
-systems of human thought and behavior; what humans carry with them
Characteristics/aspects of culture - ANSWER -learned
-shared
-symbolic
-integrated
-dynamic
Enculturation - ANSWER -learned culture
-taking in another culture's idea into your own
-the gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a
person, another culture, etc.
Cultural relativism - ANSWER -not judging other cultures
-the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the
viewpoint of that culture itself
Ethnocentrism - ANSWER -using your own morals of your culture as a judge of other
cultures
-evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the
,standards and customs of one's own culture
Mechanisms of culture change - ANSWER -diffusion
-acculturation
-independent invention
Cultural diffusion - ANSWER -The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from
one group to another
-The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions and nationalities
has increased with advanced communication, transportation and technology
Acculturation - ANSWER 1 : cultural modification of an individual, group, or people
by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture; also : a merging of cultures
as a result of prolonged contact.
2 : the process by which a human being acquires the culture of a particular society
from infancy.
Independent Invetion - ANSWER -parallelism
-A theory that a few of the total mass of cultural traits possessed and shared by the
peoples of the world have been invented more than once.
-The theory maintains the likelihood of new ideas, such as the invention of copper
and iron working, or the erection of particular types of monumental building, were
invented in more than one place at the same or different times, opposing the theory
of diffusion
Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) - ANSWER -anatomically modern humans AMH
-this is us (present day humans)
-natural chin
-we evolved directly from archaic homo sapiens (200,000-50,000 years ago)
, Two approaches to biological diversity - ANSWER -racial classification
-explanatory approach
Racial Classification - ANSWER Race, as a social construct, is a group of people who
share similar and distinct physical characteristics
Explanatory approach - ANSWER -focuses on understanding specific differences
-biological differences are real, important, and apparent to all of us
Human Biological Variation - ANSWER -clines
-skin color/melanin
-Bergmann's rule
Clines - ANSWER -to possess or exhibit gradient
-to lean
-describes an ecotone in which a series of biocommunities display a continuous
gradient
Skin Color/Melanin - ANSWER -skin color depends on many factors including
reddening caused by inflammation, the hemoglobin level in the blood, and the
darkening caused by increased deposition of the pigment melanin
-Melanin: a dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the
eye in people and animals, responsible for tanning of skin exposed to sunlight
Bergmann's Rule - ANSWER -an ecogeographic principle that states that within a
broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are
found in colder environments, and species of smaller size are found in warmer
regions
-EX) tall, dark, thin --> south & short, light, fat --> north
