CRJ Final Exam Questions with
Accurate Answers
Neoclassical Explanations of crime are rooted in _____________ -
ANSWERSEconomic Thinking
Which of the following best reflects the Age of Reason, or the enlightenment -
ANSWERSA time when religious views began to give way to scientific explanations
Which of the following best describes Beccaria's position regarding punishment as a
deterrent to crime - ANSWERSIt must be certain and swift
Positivsm suggests that - ANSWERSforces both outside and inside an individual might
affect his/her likelihood of breaking
Which of the following reflects what routine activities theory suggests is a lack of
guardianship - ANSWERSA child playing in a park alone
Which of the following best describes phrenology - ANSWERSit concerns the size an
shape of skull as measurement of criminality
Which of the following explanations suggests that for thousands of years certain favored
traits survived through natural selection - ANSWERSEvolutionary Biology
Which of the following is said to increase aggressiveness, risk taking, and impulsivity -
ANSWERSTestosterone
Individuals who experience early puberty often - ANSWERSact in anti-social ways
Which of the following best reflects modern psychoanalytical explanations of crime? -
ANSWERSCrime arises from internal disturbances developing in early childhood
Kohlebergs theory of ___________is an explanation pf the ability to distinguish right
from wrong and to determine the ethically correct course of action in complex cases -
ANSWERSMoral development
Which of the following is a common critique of psychological studies -
ANSWERShistorically, they have often used small, unresponsive samples of offenders
in prisons or mental institutions
Durkheim emphasized two related mechanisms, ____________, by which society was
able to hold individual impulses in check - ANSWERSsocialization and social ties
, According to Durkheim, which of the following best describes how anomie arises? -
ANSWERSWhen traditional norms become less applicable to new circumstances
In the 19030s, a new approach emerged that emphasized structural causes of crime
(the breakdown of communities) over moral failings, it is known as ____ -
ANSWERSSocial disorganization
The revival of an ecological focus reflects the beleif of many scholars that kinds of
places matter more than ________ - ANSWERSkinds of people
Who created general strain theory? - ANSWERSRobert Angew
Social processes such as ____ affect our chances of becoming or not becoming
criminal offenders - ANSWERSPeer influences, socialization, and social interaction
Which of the following best describes Sutherlands differential association -
ANSWERSTechniques of and attitudes regarding criminal behavior are learning within
intimate personal groups
According to Sutherland - ANSWERSA person becomes delinquent because of an
excess of definitions favorable to the violation of law over definitions unfavorable to the
violation of law
Which of the following best summarizes differential reinforcement - ANSWERScriminal
behavior and attitudes are more likely to be learned if they are rewarded by friends or
family
Which of the following is a neutralization technique - ANSWERSDenial of responsibility
Gottfredson and Hirschi argued that all crime stems from one problem :_____________,
which results from ineffective child rearing and lasts throughout life - ANSWERSthe lack
of self control
Criminologists have begun tp pay attention to the onset and termination of antisocial
behavior, delinquency, and crime at different stages over the ___: infancy, childhood,
adolescence, - ANSWERSlife course
Labeling theory adopts a ____ definition by assuming that nothing about a given
behavior automatically makes it deviant - ANSWERSrelativist
John Braithwaite argues that - ANSWERSThe type of shaming involved in labeling
makes a crucial difference for continued deviance
Which of the following focuses on restoring the social bond between the offender and
the community - ANSWERSrestorative justice
Accurate Answers
Neoclassical Explanations of crime are rooted in _____________ -
ANSWERSEconomic Thinking
Which of the following best reflects the Age of Reason, or the enlightenment -
ANSWERSA time when religious views began to give way to scientific explanations
Which of the following best describes Beccaria's position regarding punishment as a
deterrent to crime - ANSWERSIt must be certain and swift
Positivsm suggests that - ANSWERSforces both outside and inside an individual might
affect his/her likelihood of breaking
Which of the following reflects what routine activities theory suggests is a lack of
guardianship - ANSWERSA child playing in a park alone
Which of the following best describes phrenology - ANSWERSit concerns the size an
shape of skull as measurement of criminality
Which of the following explanations suggests that for thousands of years certain favored
traits survived through natural selection - ANSWERSEvolutionary Biology
Which of the following is said to increase aggressiveness, risk taking, and impulsivity -
ANSWERSTestosterone
Individuals who experience early puberty often - ANSWERSact in anti-social ways
Which of the following best reflects modern psychoanalytical explanations of crime? -
ANSWERSCrime arises from internal disturbances developing in early childhood
Kohlebergs theory of ___________is an explanation pf the ability to distinguish right
from wrong and to determine the ethically correct course of action in complex cases -
ANSWERSMoral development
Which of the following is a common critique of psychological studies -
ANSWERShistorically, they have often used small, unresponsive samples of offenders
in prisons or mental institutions
Durkheim emphasized two related mechanisms, ____________, by which society was
able to hold individual impulses in check - ANSWERSsocialization and social ties
, According to Durkheim, which of the following best describes how anomie arises? -
ANSWERSWhen traditional norms become less applicable to new circumstances
In the 19030s, a new approach emerged that emphasized structural causes of crime
(the breakdown of communities) over moral failings, it is known as ____ -
ANSWERSSocial disorganization
The revival of an ecological focus reflects the beleif of many scholars that kinds of
places matter more than ________ - ANSWERSkinds of people
Who created general strain theory? - ANSWERSRobert Angew
Social processes such as ____ affect our chances of becoming or not becoming
criminal offenders - ANSWERSPeer influences, socialization, and social interaction
Which of the following best describes Sutherlands differential association -
ANSWERSTechniques of and attitudes regarding criminal behavior are learning within
intimate personal groups
According to Sutherland - ANSWERSA person becomes delinquent because of an
excess of definitions favorable to the violation of law over definitions unfavorable to the
violation of law
Which of the following best summarizes differential reinforcement - ANSWERScriminal
behavior and attitudes are more likely to be learned if they are rewarded by friends or
family
Which of the following is a neutralization technique - ANSWERSDenial of responsibility
Gottfredson and Hirschi argued that all crime stems from one problem :_____________,
which results from ineffective child rearing and lasts throughout life - ANSWERSthe lack
of self control
Criminologists have begun tp pay attention to the onset and termination of antisocial
behavior, delinquency, and crime at different stages over the ___: infancy, childhood,
adolescence, - ANSWERSlife course
Labeling theory adopts a ____ definition by assuming that nothing about a given
behavior automatically makes it deviant - ANSWERSrelativist
John Braithwaite argues that - ANSWERSThe type of shaming involved in labeling
makes a crucial difference for continued deviance
Which of the following focuses on restoring the social bond between the offender and
the community - ANSWERSrestorative justice
