NSC 232 Exam 2 Questions with Verified Solutions Graded A+
Physiology of urinary elimination - Answers -void, urinatinon, micturition
-volume of 250-450 ml pressure rises
-cerebral cortex is the final control
Process of micturition - Answers 1. urine collects in bladder
2. pressure stimulates special stretch receptors in bladder wall
3. stretch receptors transmit impulses to spinal cord voiding reflex center
4. internal sphincter relaxes, stimulating the urge to void
5. If appropriate, the conscious portion of the brain relaxes the external urethral sphincter
muscle
6. urine eliminated the urethra
Factors affecting urinary elimination - Answers life style factors - alcohol, exercise, diet
psychosocial
activity/exercise
developmental factors - old, young issues
physiological factors - may need a device
characteristics of urine - Answers VOLUME-it's a #, ml or oz
-balances what they take in
COLOR, CLARITY - normal = light yellow, clarity = clean
ODOR- no distinctive smell
-poor odor - infection
-diabetic-fruity
STERILITY-urine is sterile
characteristics of urine continued - Answers pH - 4.5 -8.0 (acidic most in mornings)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY- (1.010 - 1.025) tells how well kidneys are concentrating urine
GLUCOSE -shouldnt have any
,KETONE BODIES- no ketones (it's the breakdown of fatty acids)
BLOOD- shouldn't have any, if there is it may be bc of infection or kidney stones
Problems with urination (dysuria) - Answers dysuria- painful or difficult urination
-UTI, kidney infection
problems with urination (altered amount) - Answers oliguria - less than 30 ml in one hour
-small amount, >500 a day
anuria - less than 100 ml in 24 hours
-without urine
polyuria- greater than 2,000 ml in 24 hours
-excessive urine
problems with urination (enuresis) - Answers enuresis- involuntary urination, especially at night
(common in kids)
problems with urination (urinary obstruction) - Answers Kidney stones
Sludge (mucous, sediment in kidneys to ureter)
Swelling
problems with urination (UTI) - Answers urinary tract infection
frequency, small amounts, burning, cloudy, pelvic pain (MADI LITTLE)
problems with urination (urinary incontinence) - Answers urinary incontinence - loss of urine,
involuntarily
-leaking, problem with the sphincter
problems with urination (retention) - Answers retention - when they pee but are still retaining
urine beyond that
-blocking normal urine flow
-obstruction of urethra
problems with urination (urinary diversion) - Answers surgical way of rerouting urine from it's
normal pathway
-used for diseased or defected urthrea, bladders or ureters
, how to prevent UTI - Answers 6-8 glasses of water/day
pee every 2-4 hrs
avoid bubble baths and tight clothes
cotton rather than nylon
wipe front to back
take showers
urinary problems (continued) urinary incontinence - Answers urinary incontinence
characteristics:
stress incontinence - laughing, sneezing
urge incontinence - UTI
total incontinence - spinchter doesn't hold urine well, leaks a lot
related factors to urinary problems - Answers muscle function
bladder infection
impaired ability?
environmental barriers
urinary problems (urinary retention) - Answers characteristics
unable to void - fullness, can't pee
overflow incontinence - catheter is in too long and doesn't feel the stretch of the bladder
urinary problems related factors - Answers post surgery clients
indwelling catheter recently removed
obstruction
risk for infection
urinary assessment - Answers measuring urinary output
indwelling cath - empty into graduate
voiding - ise urine hat or urinal
urinary assessment continued - Answers measure residual urine
Physiology of urinary elimination - Answers -void, urinatinon, micturition
-volume of 250-450 ml pressure rises
-cerebral cortex is the final control
Process of micturition - Answers 1. urine collects in bladder
2. pressure stimulates special stretch receptors in bladder wall
3. stretch receptors transmit impulses to spinal cord voiding reflex center
4. internal sphincter relaxes, stimulating the urge to void
5. If appropriate, the conscious portion of the brain relaxes the external urethral sphincter
muscle
6. urine eliminated the urethra
Factors affecting urinary elimination - Answers life style factors - alcohol, exercise, diet
psychosocial
activity/exercise
developmental factors - old, young issues
physiological factors - may need a device
characteristics of urine - Answers VOLUME-it's a #, ml or oz
-balances what they take in
COLOR, CLARITY - normal = light yellow, clarity = clean
ODOR- no distinctive smell
-poor odor - infection
-diabetic-fruity
STERILITY-urine is sterile
characteristics of urine continued - Answers pH - 4.5 -8.0 (acidic most in mornings)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY- (1.010 - 1.025) tells how well kidneys are concentrating urine
GLUCOSE -shouldnt have any
,KETONE BODIES- no ketones (it's the breakdown of fatty acids)
BLOOD- shouldn't have any, if there is it may be bc of infection or kidney stones
Problems with urination (dysuria) - Answers dysuria- painful or difficult urination
-UTI, kidney infection
problems with urination (altered amount) - Answers oliguria - less than 30 ml in one hour
-small amount, >500 a day
anuria - less than 100 ml in 24 hours
-without urine
polyuria- greater than 2,000 ml in 24 hours
-excessive urine
problems with urination (enuresis) - Answers enuresis- involuntary urination, especially at night
(common in kids)
problems with urination (urinary obstruction) - Answers Kidney stones
Sludge (mucous, sediment in kidneys to ureter)
Swelling
problems with urination (UTI) - Answers urinary tract infection
frequency, small amounts, burning, cloudy, pelvic pain (MADI LITTLE)
problems with urination (urinary incontinence) - Answers urinary incontinence - loss of urine,
involuntarily
-leaking, problem with the sphincter
problems with urination (retention) - Answers retention - when they pee but are still retaining
urine beyond that
-blocking normal urine flow
-obstruction of urethra
problems with urination (urinary diversion) - Answers surgical way of rerouting urine from it's
normal pathway
-used for diseased or defected urthrea, bladders or ureters
, how to prevent UTI - Answers 6-8 glasses of water/day
pee every 2-4 hrs
avoid bubble baths and tight clothes
cotton rather than nylon
wipe front to back
take showers
urinary problems (continued) urinary incontinence - Answers urinary incontinence
characteristics:
stress incontinence - laughing, sneezing
urge incontinence - UTI
total incontinence - spinchter doesn't hold urine well, leaks a lot
related factors to urinary problems - Answers muscle function
bladder infection
impaired ability?
environmental barriers
urinary problems (urinary retention) - Answers characteristics
unable to void - fullness, can't pee
overflow incontinence - catheter is in too long and doesn't feel the stretch of the bladder
urinary problems related factors - Answers post surgery clients
indwelling catheter recently removed
obstruction
risk for infection
urinary assessment - Answers measuring urinary output
indwelling cath - empty into graduate
voiding - ise urine hat or urinal
urinary assessment continued - Answers measure residual urine
