2.2 Reproduction in flowering plants
Reproduction is the ability to produce a new generation of themselves
Its is important for the survival/ evolution as genes are passed down generations
Two types of reproduction:
1. Asexual = production of new generation of same species (1 parent)
2. Sexual = production of new generation of same species by bringing together the
genetic material (2 parents)
Similarities between asexual and sexual reproduction
● Produce same kind of organism to prevent species from dying out/ extinction
● Result in food being produced = feed organisms
Differences between asexual and sexual reproduction:
Characteristics Asexual Reproduction
Number of parents One Two
All individuals reproduce With 2 genders
Processes One stage Two stages
Mitosis Meiosis and fertilisation
No fusion Fusion of two cells
Quicker Slower
Gamete formation No gametes Gametes formed
End results Offspring identical to Offspring are genetically
parent different to parents
No variation as alleles not Variation due to alleles
shuffled shuffling during:
- Meiosis, gametes form
- Fertilisation, when alleles
are joined in new
combinations
Value Reproduction possible In changing (unstable)
where there are no or few environment
mates
In unchanging (stable) Individuals can adapt to
environment changes
, = well adapted and
preserved
Rate of reproduction Faster Slower
All individuals can Half population are males
reproduce who do not reproduce
Energy input More efficient Less efficient
No energy input needed Energy input needed to
reproduce and find mate
Outside agents None Pollinators
Ability to adapt to an No Yes
environment
Possibility of evolution Low Good genotype variation
Usually no genotype
variation
Advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction:
Advantages Disadvantages
All individuals can reproduce No mutation = no variation
No use of energy to produce gametes/ No recombination, if there is a change in
find mate environment = population unable to adapt
= die out
Simple and fast process Overcrowding
Only mitosis Resources might be in short supply
Useful in unchanging conditions
If parents adapt to environment the
genetically identical offspring will also be
adapted
Favourable mutations spread rapidly
Enable population to adapt quickly to new
environment conditions
Eg: resistance to antibiotic/insecticide
Advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction:
Advantages Disadvantages
Reproduction is the ability to produce a new generation of themselves
Its is important for the survival/ evolution as genes are passed down generations
Two types of reproduction:
1. Asexual = production of new generation of same species (1 parent)
2. Sexual = production of new generation of same species by bringing together the
genetic material (2 parents)
Similarities between asexual and sexual reproduction
● Produce same kind of organism to prevent species from dying out/ extinction
● Result in food being produced = feed organisms
Differences between asexual and sexual reproduction:
Characteristics Asexual Reproduction
Number of parents One Two
All individuals reproduce With 2 genders
Processes One stage Two stages
Mitosis Meiosis and fertilisation
No fusion Fusion of two cells
Quicker Slower
Gamete formation No gametes Gametes formed
End results Offspring identical to Offspring are genetically
parent different to parents
No variation as alleles not Variation due to alleles
shuffled shuffling during:
- Meiosis, gametes form
- Fertilisation, when alleles
are joined in new
combinations
Value Reproduction possible In changing (unstable)
where there are no or few environment
mates
In unchanging (stable) Individuals can adapt to
environment changes
, = well adapted and
preserved
Rate of reproduction Faster Slower
All individuals can Half population are males
reproduce who do not reproduce
Energy input More efficient Less efficient
No energy input needed Energy input needed to
reproduce and find mate
Outside agents None Pollinators
Ability to adapt to an No Yes
environment
Possibility of evolution Low Good genotype variation
Usually no genotype
variation
Advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction:
Advantages Disadvantages
All individuals can reproduce No mutation = no variation
No use of energy to produce gametes/ No recombination, if there is a change in
find mate environment = population unable to adapt
= die out
Simple and fast process Overcrowding
Only mitosis Resources might be in short supply
Useful in unchanging conditions
If parents adapt to environment the
genetically identical offspring will also be
adapted
Favourable mutations spread rapidly
Enable population to adapt quickly to new
environment conditions
Eg: resistance to antibiotic/insecticide
Advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction:
Advantages Disadvantages
