FIRST AID & CPR FINAL STUDY
GUIDE LATEST UPDATED
What type of victim would give implied consent? - ANS-An unconscious victim - consent
is implied when we find an unconscious victim or when they become unconscious
The emergency action steps are? - ANS-check, call, care
Effective CPR chest compressions on ALL ages can be described how? - ANS-In the
center of the breastbone/sternum, smooth and regular, straight up and down, at a rate
of 100-120 compressions per minute, and they allow the chest to return to its normal
position after each compression
How many cycles of compressions and breaths should you perform in 2 minutes, on
victims of ALL ages? - ANS-5
When should you stop and check for signs of life once you begin CPR on victims of ALL
ages? - ANS-Never
What are the 5 reasons that it is ok to stop CPR once you have begun? - ANS-1. You
see an obvious sign of life, 2. the scene becomes unsafe, 3. EMS arrives and is ready
to take over, 4. You are too exhausted to continue, 5. An AED becomes available
Where do you place your hands to perform CPR on an Adult or Child? - ANS-Two
hands in the center of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, one hand on top of
the other with the fingers pulled up off of the chest
If you attempt to give two rescue breaths to a victim and they do not make the chest
rise, what should your next step be? - ANS-Re-tilt the head and try the breaths again -
you may not have tilted it back far enough
If tilting the head back further and trying the breaths again still does not make the chest
rise, what is most likely the cause? - ANS-The victim has something blocking their
airway
To help clear a blocked airway of an unconscious person, we perform what steps? -
ANS-30 chest compressions followed by looking in the mouth for an object and
sweeping the mouth if we see an object to get it out as well as attempting to give two
rescue breaths after each cycle of compressions and looking/sweeping the mouth
, How deep are the CPR compressions on an Adult? - ANS-At least 2 inches, straight
down
Why is early CPR such an important link in the Adult Cardiac Chain of Survival? - ANS-
It helps circulate blood with oxygen to vital organs and the brain until an AED is ready to
use or EMS personnel take over
How would you describe difficulty or trouble breathing in a victim of any age? - ANS-The
victim is making gasping or gurgling sounds, they are making wheezing or high-pitched
sounds, they are breathing very rapidly or very slowly, they are anxious or agitated, their
skin may be flushed, ashen (grayish), pale or bluish, they may be clutching their throat
or chest, they can look panicked or scared
On any size victim, especially a smaller victim like a child, how do we know how much
breath to breathe in? - ANS-Each breath should last 1 second and make the chest
clearly rise
If a child has just put a small toy in their mouth and you see them clutching their throat
and looking panicked. What would you suspect and what should you do? - ANS-That
they have choked on the candy, that they have an obstructed airway - you should
encourage them to cough if they can cough. If not, you should do 5 back blows and 5
abdominal thrusts on the abdomen just above the navel, do this in cycles until the object
is cleared, you should also call EMS
How would you care for a conscious child with an obstructed airway? - ANS-If they are
able to cough, stay with them and encourage them to do so. If they can not cough,
speak or breathe, call 911 and get consent from the parent and then perform 5 back
blows with the victim bent over and 5 abdominal thrusts until the object is dislodged and
they can breathe, until EMS arrives and takes over, until you get exhausted or the
scene becomes unsafe or until the victim goes unconscious, and then you would
perform 30 chest compressions followed by look/sweep of the mouth followed by 2
rescue breaths until you are able to get the chest to rise with rescue breaths
Children are less likely than adults to experience cardiac arrest. What are the main
reasons that children and infants go into cardiac arrest? - ANS-1. Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome or SIDS, 2. traumatic injury or a blow to the chest, such as from a baseball,
3. airway and breathing emergencies that begin with respiratory distress and lead to
respiratory arrest then to cardiac arrest, 4. Drowning, 5. Congenital heart disorders
How deep are the CPR compressions on a Child? - ANS-About 2 inches
Where do you place your hands to perform CPR on a Child? - ANS-Depending on the
size of the child, you may use one or two hands in the center of the chest, on the lower
half of the sternum, one hand on top of the other if you are using both hands
How deep are the CPR compressions on an Infant? - ANS-1 1/2 inches)
GUIDE LATEST UPDATED
What type of victim would give implied consent? - ANS-An unconscious victim - consent
is implied when we find an unconscious victim or when they become unconscious
The emergency action steps are? - ANS-check, call, care
Effective CPR chest compressions on ALL ages can be described how? - ANS-In the
center of the breastbone/sternum, smooth and regular, straight up and down, at a rate
of 100-120 compressions per minute, and they allow the chest to return to its normal
position after each compression
How many cycles of compressions and breaths should you perform in 2 minutes, on
victims of ALL ages? - ANS-5
When should you stop and check for signs of life once you begin CPR on victims of ALL
ages? - ANS-Never
What are the 5 reasons that it is ok to stop CPR once you have begun? - ANS-1. You
see an obvious sign of life, 2. the scene becomes unsafe, 3. EMS arrives and is ready
to take over, 4. You are too exhausted to continue, 5. An AED becomes available
Where do you place your hands to perform CPR on an Adult or Child? - ANS-Two
hands in the center of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, one hand on top of
the other with the fingers pulled up off of the chest
If you attempt to give two rescue breaths to a victim and they do not make the chest
rise, what should your next step be? - ANS-Re-tilt the head and try the breaths again -
you may not have tilted it back far enough
If tilting the head back further and trying the breaths again still does not make the chest
rise, what is most likely the cause? - ANS-The victim has something blocking their
airway
To help clear a blocked airway of an unconscious person, we perform what steps? -
ANS-30 chest compressions followed by looking in the mouth for an object and
sweeping the mouth if we see an object to get it out as well as attempting to give two
rescue breaths after each cycle of compressions and looking/sweeping the mouth
, How deep are the CPR compressions on an Adult? - ANS-At least 2 inches, straight
down
Why is early CPR such an important link in the Adult Cardiac Chain of Survival? - ANS-
It helps circulate blood with oxygen to vital organs and the brain until an AED is ready to
use or EMS personnel take over
How would you describe difficulty or trouble breathing in a victim of any age? - ANS-The
victim is making gasping or gurgling sounds, they are making wheezing or high-pitched
sounds, they are breathing very rapidly or very slowly, they are anxious or agitated, their
skin may be flushed, ashen (grayish), pale or bluish, they may be clutching their throat
or chest, they can look panicked or scared
On any size victim, especially a smaller victim like a child, how do we know how much
breath to breathe in? - ANS-Each breath should last 1 second and make the chest
clearly rise
If a child has just put a small toy in their mouth and you see them clutching their throat
and looking panicked. What would you suspect and what should you do? - ANS-That
they have choked on the candy, that they have an obstructed airway - you should
encourage them to cough if they can cough. If not, you should do 5 back blows and 5
abdominal thrusts on the abdomen just above the navel, do this in cycles until the object
is cleared, you should also call EMS
How would you care for a conscious child with an obstructed airway? - ANS-If they are
able to cough, stay with them and encourage them to do so. If they can not cough,
speak or breathe, call 911 and get consent from the parent and then perform 5 back
blows with the victim bent over and 5 abdominal thrusts until the object is dislodged and
they can breathe, until EMS arrives and takes over, until you get exhausted or the
scene becomes unsafe or until the victim goes unconscious, and then you would
perform 30 chest compressions followed by look/sweep of the mouth followed by 2
rescue breaths until you are able to get the chest to rise with rescue breaths
Children are less likely than adults to experience cardiac arrest. What are the main
reasons that children and infants go into cardiac arrest? - ANS-1. Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome or SIDS, 2. traumatic injury or a blow to the chest, such as from a baseball,
3. airway and breathing emergencies that begin with respiratory distress and lead to
respiratory arrest then to cardiac arrest, 4. Drowning, 5. Congenital heart disorders
How deep are the CPR compressions on a Child? - ANS-About 2 inches
Where do you place your hands to perform CPR on a Child? - ANS-Depending on the
size of the child, you may use one or two hands in the center of the chest, on the lower
half of the sternum, one hand on top of the other if you are using both hands
How deep are the CPR compressions on an Infant? - ANS-1 1/2 inches)
