NURS 208 Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
Hypothalamus Correct Answer: Corresponding to the floor of the diencephalon
(compose of thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland)
hypothalamus is located ___________. Correct Answer: below the thalamus and
above the brainstem
Hypothalamus is a major link between the __________ and _________ sytems.
Correct Answer: Major link between the nervous and endocrine systems
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis contains 3 components: Correct Answer: 1.
hypothalamus
2. pituitary
3. target organs
The hypothalamus, as part of the ___________, controls an array of __________. It
does so through the ________. Hormones released by the pituitary gland then
trigger the cellular responses of the __________. Correct Answer: The
hypothalamus, as part of the ___brain____, controls an array of ____hormonal
systems______. It does so through the __pituitary gland______. Hormones released
by the pituitary gland then trigger the cellular responses of the ___target
organs_______.
Pituitary gland (hypophysis) Correct Answer: Pea-shaped structure that attaches
to the hypothalamus by a stalk
With two anatomically and functionally separate portions: Correct Answer:
1.Anterior pituitary or (adenohypophysis)
,2. Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
Hormones in Anterior pituitary adenohypophysis Correct Answer: 1. GH - growth
hormone in liver, bone, and skeletal muscles
2. TSH - Thyroid-stimulating-hormone in thyroid
3. ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin) in adrenal gland
4. PRL - prolactin in mammary glands
5. FSH - follicle-stimulating - hormone in Testes (testosterone and inhibin) and
Ovaries (estrogen and progesteron and inhibin)
6. LH - Luteinizing hormone in Testes (testosterone and inhibin) and Ovaries
(estrogen and progesteron)
Hormoned in Posterior pituitary nuerohypophysis Correct Answer: 1 Oxytocins in
Males: smooth muscle in ductus deferen and prostate gland. Females: Uterine
smooth muscle and mammary glands
2. ADH - antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) in kidneys and arterioles
Indirect control through release of regulatory hormones to anterior pituitary
Correct Answer: 1. CRH - Corticotropin-releasing-hormone
2. TRH - Thyrotropin-releasing-hormone
3. GH-RH - Growth hormone-releasing-hormone
4. GH-IH - Growth hormone-inhibiting-hormone
5. PRF - Prolactic-releasing-factor
,6. PIH - Prolactic-inhibiting-hormone
7. GnRH - Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone
Direct release of hormones in posterior pituitary Correct Answer: 1. sensory
stimulation
2. osmoreceptor stimulation
Anterior pituitary secretion Correct Answer: is mainly under the influence of
hypothalamus
release of _________ is regulated by the __________. Correct Answer: release of
pituitary hormones is regulated by the hypothalamus
Hypothalamus releases _________ hormones. Correct Answer: Hypothalamus
releases tropic hormones
Tropic hormone Correct Answer: is a hormone controls the secretion of another
endocrine gland to produce another hormone
Hypothalamus secretes 5 well known ____________ which simulate secretion of
______________. Correct Answer: Hypothalamus secretes 5 well known releasing
hormones which stimulate secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.
5 releasing hormones that stimulates secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.
Correct Answer: 1. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) which stimulates
secretion of growth hormone (GH).
2. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which stimulates secretion of thyroid-
stimulating hormone (TSH).
3. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) which stimulates secretion of
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - also known as corticotropin.
, 4. Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) which stimulates the secretion of Prolactin
hormone (PRL).
5. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which stimulates secretion of
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hypothalamus also secretes 2 __________ which _________ secretion of anterior
pituitary hormones. Correct Answer: Hypothalamus also secretes 2 inhibiting
hormones which suppress secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
two inhibiting hormones which suppress secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.
Correct Answer: 1. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) Also known as
somatostatin which suppresses secretion of growth hormone (GH).
2. Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH). It is actually the dopamine (function as a
hormone as well as a neurotransmitter) which suppresses secretion of prolactin
(PRL)
5 types of anterior pituitary cells that produce their corresponding hormones.
Correct Answer: 1. Somatotrophs also known as human growth hormone (hGH)
or somatotropin. Secrete growth hormone (GH). Stimulates general body growth
and regulates metabolism.
2. Thyrotrophs also known as thyrotropin. Secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH). Controls the secretions and other activities of the thyroid gland.
3. Gonadotrophs secrete two gonadotropins: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
and luteinizing hormone (LH). Stimulate the testes to produce sperm and to
secrete testosterone in men. Stimulate the ovaries to mature oocytes (eggs)
and to secrete estrogens and progesterone in women
4. Lactotrophs secrete prolactin (PRL) which initiates milk production in the
mammary glands.
Correct Answers
Hypothalamus Correct Answer: Corresponding to the floor of the diencephalon
(compose of thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland)
hypothalamus is located ___________. Correct Answer: below the thalamus and
above the brainstem
Hypothalamus is a major link between the __________ and _________ sytems.
Correct Answer: Major link between the nervous and endocrine systems
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis contains 3 components: Correct Answer: 1.
hypothalamus
2. pituitary
3. target organs
The hypothalamus, as part of the ___________, controls an array of __________. It
does so through the ________. Hormones released by the pituitary gland then
trigger the cellular responses of the __________. Correct Answer: The
hypothalamus, as part of the ___brain____, controls an array of ____hormonal
systems______. It does so through the __pituitary gland______. Hormones released
by the pituitary gland then trigger the cellular responses of the ___target
organs_______.
Pituitary gland (hypophysis) Correct Answer: Pea-shaped structure that attaches
to the hypothalamus by a stalk
With two anatomically and functionally separate portions: Correct Answer:
1.Anterior pituitary or (adenohypophysis)
,2. Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
Hormones in Anterior pituitary adenohypophysis Correct Answer: 1. GH - growth
hormone in liver, bone, and skeletal muscles
2. TSH - Thyroid-stimulating-hormone in thyroid
3. ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin) in adrenal gland
4. PRL - prolactin in mammary glands
5. FSH - follicle-stimulating - hormone in Testes (testosterone and inhibin) and
Ovaries (estrogen and progesteron and inhibin)
6. LH - Luteinizing hormone in Testes (testosterone and inhibin) and Ovaries
(estrogen and progesteron)
Hormoned in Posterior pituitary nuerohypophysis Correct Answer: 1 Oxytocins in
Males: smooth muscle in ductus deferen and prostate gland. Females: Uterine
smooth muscle and mammary glands
2. ADH - antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) in kidneys and arterioles
Indirect control through release of regulatory hormones to anterior pituitary
Correct Answer: 1. CRH - Corticotropin-releasing-hormone
2. TRH - Thyrotropin-releasing-hormone
3. GH-RH - Growth hormone-releasing-hormone
4. GH-IH - Growth hormone-inhibiting-hormone
5. PRF - Prolactic-releasing-factor
,6. PIH - Prolactic-inhibiting-hormone
7. GnRH - Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone
Direct release of hormones in posterior pituitary Correct Answer: 1. sensory
stimulation
2. osmoreceptor stimulation
Anterior pituitary secretion Correct Answer: is mainly under the influence of
hypothalamus
release of _________ is regulated by the __________. Correct Answer: release of
pituitary hormones is regulated by the hypothalamus
Hypothalamus releases _________ hormones. Correct Answer: Hypothalamus
releases tropic hormones
Tropic hormone Correct Answer: is a hormone controls the secretion of another
endocrine gland to produce another hormone
Hypothalamus secretes 5 well known ____________ which simulate secretion of
______________. Correct Answer: Hypothalamus secretes 5 well known releasing
hormones which stimulate secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.
5 releasing hormones that stimulates secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.
Correct Answer: 1. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) which stimulates
secretion of growth hormone (GH).
2. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which stimulates secretion of thyroid-
stimulating hormone (TSH).
3. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) which stimulates secretion of
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - also known as corticotropin.
, 4. Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) which stimulates the secretion of Prolactin
hormone (PRL).
5. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which stimulates secretion of
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hypothalamus also secretes 2 __________ which _________ secretion of anterior
pituitary hormones. Correct Answer: Hypothalamus also secretes 2 inhibiting
hormones which suppress secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
two inhibiting hormones which suppress secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.
Correct Answer: 1. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) Also known as
somatostatin which suppresses secretion of growth hormone (GH).
2. Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH). It is actually the dopamine (function as a
hormone as well as a neurotransmitter) which suppresses secretion of prolactin
(PRL)
5 types of anterior pituitary cells that produce their corresponding hormones.
Correct Answer: 1. Somatotrophs also known as human growth hormone (hGH)
or somatotropin. Secrete growth hormone (GH). Stimulates general body growth
and regulates metabolism.
2. Thyrotrophs also known as thyrotropin. Secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH). Controls the secretions and other activities of the thyroid gland.
3. Gonadotrophs secrete two gonadotropins: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
and luteinizing hormone (LH). Stimulate the testes to produce sperm and to
secrete testosterone in men. Stimulate the ovaries to mature oocytes (eggs)
and to secrete estrogens and progesterone in women
4. Lactotrophs secrete prolactin (PRL) which initiates milk production in the
mammary glands.
